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2015, Número 1

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Cir Plast 2015; 25 (1)


Factores relacionados con las infecciones en implantes mamarios. Encuesta a miembros de la Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva

Cuenca-Pardo JA, Ramos-Gallardo G, Contreras-Bulnes L, Iribarren-Moreno R, Rodríguez OE, Hernández-Valverde CB, Briseño-Medina A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 6-14
Archivo PDF: 270.16 Kb.


RESUMEN

En México, durante el año 2013, se realizaron 57,691 cirugías para colocar implantes mamarios. Realizamos un estudio en 446 cirujanos para determinar factores de riesgo relacionados con las infecciones en los implantes: 279 que en los procedimientos no tuvieron infecciones y 167 que sí tuvieron. Hicimos un estudio estadístico simple y analítico con χ2 y regresión lineal para determinar frecuencias, riesgo, razón de verosimilitudes y correlación. Encontramos que las infecciones no están relacionados con un tipo de implante. Las marcas con mayor riesgo de infección son poco utilizadas y el tamaño de la muestra no es suficiente para determinar la relación. La infección aguda es la más frecuente (94.1%) y los estafilococos son los responsables del 82.07% de los casos. Los factores relacionados con la infección de los implantes son el acceso periareolar (2.02 veces; p = 0.06), el plano de colocación retromamario (2.3 veces; p = 0.011), y el uso prolongado de drenajes se relaciona con la infección, con un aumento del 8.04% por cada día de drenaje (R = 0.738; constante 8.046; p = 0.03; IC de 95). Los factores que disminuyen la posibilidad de infección son el acceso inframamario (1.41 veces; p = 0.009), colocación del implante detrás de la fascia muscular (1.48 veces, p = 0.001), antibióticos profilácticos (5.676 veces, p = 0.001), uso de antimicrobianos en el implante (1.688 veces, p ‹ 0.001), tocar el implante únicamente el cirujano (4.051 veces, p = 0.018) y la esterilización del instrumental en medios formales (2.682 veces; p = 0.003). El análisis de estos resultados da origen a una estrategia para disminuir la infección en los implantes mamarios.


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