Gutiérrez CAR, Sánchez FC, Gutiérrez CA, Guzmán GE, Reyes AOE, González CL, Sigler ML

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 205
Paginas: 114-127
Archivo PDF: 880.00 Kb.

RESUMEN

Presentamos un breve panorama del aneurisma de aorta abdominal y del de la aorta descendente torácica. Revisamos la historia, etiología, epidemiología, fisiopatología, cuadro clínico, estudios de diagnóstico mediante imágenes, indicaciones y contraindicaciones, resultados y pronóstico, incluso los diferentes tipos de manejo con la cirugía convencional, la cirugía endovascular y con laparoscopia. Destacamos que el manejo quirúrgico es para prevenir la muerte por ruptura del aneurisma.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Ruiz Grande F. Aspectos históricos de la cirugía de los aneurismas. El legado de Antyllus. Patol Vasc 1997; 3(2): 77-87.

2. Laín-Entralgo P. Historia de la medicina. Barcelona: Salvat; 1976.

3. Cohen L, Graver L. The rupture of AAA of Albert Einstein. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 455-8.

4. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N. Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with result after five months. Arch Surg 1952; 64: 405-8.

5. Eastcott H. Aneurysms and the surgeon. A historical review. In Bergan J, Yao J, eds. Diagnosis and treatment. New York: Grunne-Stratton 1982; 3-17.

6. Webster M. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Historical note. In Charles d. Campbell (ed.) Aortic aneurysms: Surgical therapy. New York Futura Publishing Company 1981; 115-6.

7. Slaney G. A history of aneurysm. In: The cause and management of aneurysm. Philadelphia: Saunder; 1990.

8. Parodi JC, Palmaz JC, Barone HD. Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 1991; 5: 491-9.

9. Garza VL. Los aneurismas en el tiempo. Cir Gen 2000; 22(3): 264-71.

10. Frydman G, Walker PJ, Summers K, et al. The value of screening in siblings of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26: 396-400.

11. Rasmussen TE, Hallett JW, Jr, Tazelaar HD, et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II immune response genes, female gender and cigarette smoking as risk and modulating factors in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 988-93.

12. Estevan JM, Valle A, Menéndez A. Epidemiología de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Med Clin Barcelona; 1993; 100: 464-8.

13. Nathan DL, Joshua WM, Brigid AD, Brant MW. Phospholipase C gamma-1 is required downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor during arterial development. Genes & Developm 2003; 17: 1346-51.

14. Sumera NH, Marcia CW, Dianna MM, et al. Mapping a locus for familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD2) to 3p 24-25. Circulation 2003; 107: 3184.

15. Hidenori S, Jane MO, Kuivaniemi H, et al. Genome scan for familial abdominal aortic aneurysm using sex and family history as covariates suggests genetic heterogeneity and identifies linkage to chromosome 19q13. Circulation 2004; 109: 2103-8.

16. Páez A, Archundia A, Méndez R, Rodríguez E, et al.

17. Una subpoblación de células endoteliales grandes y granulares, antígeno Von Willebrand negativas y CD105 positivas, aisladas de aneurismas aórticos abdominales, sobreexpresan ICAM-1 y antígeno Fas. Arch Cardiol Mex 2002; 72(2): 99-104.

18. Brown MJ, Burton PR, Horsburgh T, et al. The role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a case-control study. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 999-1005.

19. Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 593-600.

20. Lederle FA, Johnson GR, Wilson SE, et al. Rupture rate of large abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients refusing or unfit for elective repair. JAMA 2002; 287: 2968-72.

21. Huber TS, Wang JG, Derrow AE, et al. Experience in the United States with intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 304-11.

22. Peppelenbosch AG, Buth J, Harris PL, et al. Diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm and outcome of endovascular repair: Does the size matter? A report from the EUROSTAR. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 288-97.

23. Mendoza, CA, Rodríguez TJM, Escotto SI, Flores PCM, Montuy VMA, Sulvarán AA, Ramírez SOA. Abordaje retroperitoneal en aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2001; 29(1): 5-14.

24. González CLG, Sánchez Fabela C, Martínez LC. Aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos: dos años de experiencia. Rev Mex Angiol 1996; 24(3): 55-8.

25. Rojas RGA, Cervantes CJ, Torrontegui Á. Análisis de resultados en cirugía de aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Experiencia de 32 años. Rev Mex Angiol 2002; 30(2): 38-42.

26. Ramírez VAF, Careaga RG, Téllez LS, Argüero SR. Tratamiento quirúrgico de los aneurismas de la aorta torácica. Rev Mex Cardiol 2003; 14(4): 118-27.

27. Ramírez GAH, Corona MA, Murillo EDl, Moreno LM, Pérez VY, Tinoco PS, García PJ. Aneurisma roto de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2004; 32(4): 126-31.

28. Carpenter JP, Brewster DC, Kwolek C, et al. Multicenter trial results of the lifepath system for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 34-43.

29. Decuir DA, Reyes BCL, Trinidad VM, Alcántara PRA. Evaluación de las prótesis endovasculares para la exclusión de aneurismas de la aorta abdominal en el modelo canino. Rev Sanid Milit 2004; 58(3): 182-7.

30. Brewster DC, Cronenwett JL, Hallett JW, et al. Special communication: guidelines for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 1106-17.

31. Laheij RJF, Van Marrewijk CJ, Buth J, et al. The influence of team experience on outcomes of endovascular stenting of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 24: 128-33.

32. Mehta M, Veith F, Ohki T, et al. Unilateral and bilateral hypogastric interruption during aortoiliac aneurysm repair in 154 patients: a relatively innocuous procedure. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 27-32.

33. Tse LW, MacKenzie KS, Montreuil B, Obrand DI y Steinmetz OK. The proximal landing zone in endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2004; 18: 178-85.

34. Pearson S, Hassen Ti, Spark JI, Cabot J, Cowled P, Fitridge R. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm reduces intraoperative cortisol and perioperative morbidity. J Vas Surg 2005; 41(6): 91-92.

35. Zarins CK, White RA, Schwarten D, et al. AneuRx stent graft versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Multicenter prospective clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 1999; 29: 298-308.

36. Criado FJ, Fairman RM, Becker GJ. Talent LPS AAA stent graft: results of a pivotal clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 709-15.

37. Kibbe MR, Matsumura JS. The gore excluder US multicenter trial: analysis of adverse events at two years. Semin Vasc Surg 2003; 16(2): 144-50.

38. Ouriel K, Clair DG, Greenberg RK, et al. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: device-specific out-come. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 991-8.

39. Riambau V, Montaña X, Caserta G, et al. No cuello, ningún problema: endoprótesis fenestrada, técnicas endovasculares 2003; VI(4): 916-8.

40. McWilliams RG, Fearn SJ, Harris PL, et al. Retrograde fenestration of endoluminal grafts from target vessels: feasibility, technique, and potential usage. J Endovasc Ther 2003; 10: 946-52.

41. Greenberg R, Haulon S, O’ Neill S, et al. Primary endovascular repair of juxtarenal aneurysms with fenestrated endovascular grafting. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 27: 484-91.

42. Abraham CZ, Reilly LM, Schneider DB, et al. A modular multi-branched system for endovascular repair of bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms. J Endovasc Ther 2003;10: 203-7.

43. Haddad F, Greenberg RK, Walker E, Nally J, et al. Fenestrated endovascular grafting: the renal side of the story. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41: 181-90.

44. Doss M, Wood JP, Balzer J, Martens S, Deschka H, Moritz A. Emergency endovascular interventions for acute thoracic aortic rupture: Four-year follow-up. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129(3): 645-51.

45. Melissano G, Civilini E, Bertoglio L, Setacci F, Chiesa R. Endovascular treatment of aortic arch aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29: 2131-8.

46. Chuter TA, Schneider DB, Reilly LM, et al. Modular branched stent graft for endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysm and dissection. J Vasc Surg 2003;38: 859-63.

47. Thomas SM, Beard JD, Ireland M, Ayers S. Results from the prospective registry of endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (RETA): mid term results to five years. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29(6): 563-70.

48. Tambyraja AL, Fraser CA, Murie JA, Chalmers TA. Functional outcome after open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(5) 758-61.

49. Prinssen M., Verhoeven ELG, Buth J. A randomized trial comparing conventional and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(2): 369.

50. Blankensteijn JD, De Jong SECA, Prinssen M, Van der Ham AC, Buth J, Van Sterkenburg SMM, Verhagen HJM, Buskens E, Grobbee DE. The dutch randomized endovascular aneurysm management (DREAM) trial group. Two-year outcomes after conventional or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2398-405.

51. Lederle FA. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm-round two. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2443-5.

52. Fink JG, Gutiérrez VS, Dena EE, Hurtado LLM, et al.

53. Tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma de la aorta abdominal en pacientes mayores de 60 años: morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Cir Gen 2002; 24(1): 34-9.

54. Eid-Lidt G. Tratamiento endovascular percutáneo en aorta toracoabdominal: estado del arte. Arch Cardiol Mex 2004; 74 Supl (2): 489-94.

55. Becquemin JP, Kelley L, Zubilewicz T, et al. Outcomes of secondary interventions following endovascular repair of AAA. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 298-305.

56. Beebe HG. Late failures of devices used for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: what have we learned and what is the task for the future? In: Gloviczki P, (ed.) Perspectives in vascular surgery and endovascular therapy. Vol. 14. No. 1. Thieme, NY: Stuttgart; 2001; 29-46.

57. Van Marrewijk C, Buth J, Harris PL, et al. Significance of endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: the EUROSTAR experience. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 461-73.

58. Ferrari M, Sardella SG, Berchiolli R, et al. Surgical treatment of persistent type 2 endoleaks, with increase of the aneurysm sac: indications and technical notes. Eur J Vasc and Endovasc Surg 2005; 29(1): 43-6.

59. Bernhard VM, Mitchell RS, Matsumura JS, et al. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 1157-62.

60. Gutiérrez VS, Fink JF, Valdés TM, Rubio SPA, Bautista HG. Complicaciones en los procedimientos endovasculares. En Sigler ML, Castañeda GR, Rish FN (eds.): Lesiones vasculares por iatrogenia. México: Manual Moderno 2004; 225-57.

61. Gutiérrez Carreño AR, Hamdan G, Fink JG, Morales MC, Arias E y Gutiérrez Carreño A. Cirugía de mínima invasión con endoprótesis Talent en el aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2003; 31(4): 133-6.

62. Rosenberg BL, Comstock MC, Butz DA, et al. Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is more profitable than open repair based on contribution margin per day. Surgery 2005; 137: 285-92.

63. Wanhainen A, Lundkvist J, Bergqvist D, Björck M. Cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(5): 741-51.

64. Kolvenbach R, Pinter L, Raghunandan M, et al. Laparoscopic remodeling of abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular exclusion: a technical description. J Vasc Surg 2002; 36: 1267-70.

65. Alimi YS, Di Molfetta L, Hartung O, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm endoaneurysmorraphy: early and mid-term results. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 744-9.

66. Kudo T, Kao K, Nelson SD, Reil D, Haas BT, Ahn S. Laparoscopic aortic reinforcement and endovascular graft placement in swine: a new external wrap. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(6): 1031-5.

67. Javerliat M. Coggia ID, Centa F, Dubosq G. Colacchio JP, Leschi, Goëau-Brissonnière O. Total videoscopic aortic surgery: left retroperitoneoscopic approach. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29 (3): 244-6.

68. Cardon A, Brenugat S, Jan F, Kerdiles Y. Treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysm by minimally invasive retroperitoneal approach: use of a video-assisted technique. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(1): 156-9.

69. www.evtoday.com

70. Ruiz Grande F. Aspectos históricos de la cirugía de los aneurismas. El legado de Antyllus. Patol Vasc 1997; 3(2): 77-87.

71. Laín-Entralgo P. Historia de la medicina. Barcelona: Salvat; 1976.

72. Cohen L, Graver L. The rupture of AAA of Albert Einstein. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 455-8.

73. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N. Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with result after five months. Arch Surg 1952; 64: 405-8.

74. Eastcott H. Aneurysms and the surgeon. A historical review. In Bergan J, Yao J, eds. Diagnosis and treatment. New York: Grunne-Stratton 1982; 3-17.

75. Webster M. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Historical note. In Charles d. Campbell (ed.) Aortic aneurysms: Surgical therapy. New York Futura Publishing Company 1981; 115-6.

76. Slaney G. A history of aneurysm. In: The cause and management of aneurysm. Philadelphia: Saunder; 1990.

77. Parodi JC, Palmaz JC, Barone HD. Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 1991; 5: 491-9.

78. Garza VL. Los aneurismas en el tiempo. Cir Gen 2000; 22(3): 264-71.

79. Frydman G, Walker PJ, Summers K, et al. The value of screening in siblings of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26: 396-400.

80. Rasmussen TE, Hallett JW, Jr, Tazelaar HD, et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II immune response genes, female gender and cigarette smoking as risk and modulating factors in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 988-93.

81. Estevan JM, Valle A, Menéndez A. Epidemiología de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Med Clin Barcelona; 1993; 100: 464-8.

82. Nathan DL, Joshua WM, Brigid AD, Brant MW. Phospholipase C gamma-1 is required downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor during arterial development. Genes & Developm 2003; 17: 1346-51.

83. Sumera NH, Marcia CW, Dianna MM, et al. Mapping a locus for familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD2) to 3p 24-25. Circulation 2003; 107: 3184.

84. Hidenori S, Jane MO, Kuivaniemi H, et al. Genome scan for familial abdominal aortic aneurysm using sex and family history as covariates suggests genetic heterogeneity and identifies linkage to chromosome 19q13. Circulation 2004; 109: 2103-8.

85. Páez A, Archundia A, Méndez R, Rodríguez E, et al.

86. Una subpoblación de células endoteliales grandes y granulares, antígeno Von Willebrand negativas y CD105 positivas, aisladas de aneurismas aórticos abdominales, sobreexpresan ICAM-1 y antígeno Fas. Arch Cardiol Mex 2002; 72(2): 99-104.

87. Brown MJ, Burton PR, Horsburgh T, et al. The role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a case-control study. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 999-1005.

88. Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 593-600.

89. Lederle FA, Johnson GR, Wilson SE, et al. Rupture rate of large abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients refusing or unfit for elective repair. JAMA 2002; 287: 2968-72.

90. Huber TS, Wang JG, Derrow AE, et al. Experience in the United States with intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 304-11.

91. Peppelenbosch AG, Buth J, Harris PL, et al. Diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm and outcome of endovascular repair: Does the size matter? A report from the EUROSTAR. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 288-97.

92. Mendoza, CA, Rodríguez TJM, Escotto SI, Flores PCM, Montuy VMA, Sulvarán AA, Ramírez SOA. Abordaje retroperitoneal en aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2001; 29(1): 5-14.

93. González CLG, Sánchez Fabela C, Martínez LC. Aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos: dos años de experiencia. Rev Mex Angiol 1996; 24(3): 55-8.

94. Rojas RGA, Cervantes CJ, Torrontegui Á. Análisis de resultados en cirugía de aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Experiencia de 32 años. Rev Mex Angiol 2002; 30(2): 38-42.

95. Ramírez VAF, Careaga RG, Téllez LS, Argüero SR. Tratamiento quirúrgico de los aneurismas de la aorta torácica. Rev Mex Cardiol 2003; 14(4): 118-27.

96. Ramírez GAH, Corona MA, Murillo EDl, Moreno LM, Pérez VY, Tinoco PS, García PJ. Aneurisma roto de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2004; 32(4): 126-31.

97. Carpenter JP, Brewster DC, Kwolek C, et al. Multicenter trial results of the lifepath system for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 34-43.

98. Decuir DA, Reyes BCL, Trinidad VM, Alcántara PRA. Evaluación de las prótesis endovasculares para la exclusión de aneurismas de la aorta abdominal en el modelo canino. Rev Sanid Milit 2004; 58(3): 182-7.

99. Brewster DC, Cronenwett JL, Hallett JW, et al. Special communication: guidelines for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 1106-17.

100. Laheij RJF, Van Marrewijk CJ, Buth J, et al. The influence of team experience on outcomes of endovascular stenting of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 24: 128-33.

101. Mehta M, Veith F, Ohki T, et al. Unilateral and bilateral hypogastric interruption during aortoiliac aneurysm repair in 154 patients: a relatively innocuous procedure. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 27-32.

102. Tse LW, MacKenzie KS, Montreuil B, Obrand DI y Steinmetz OK. The proximal landing zone in endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2004; 18: 178-85.

103. Pearson S, Hassen Ti, Spark JI, Cabot J, Cowled P, Fitridge R. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm reduces intraoperative cortisol and perioperative morbidity. J Vas Surg 2005; 41(6): 91-92.

104. Zarins CK, White RA, Schwarten D, et al. AneuRx stent graft versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Multicenter prospective clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 1999; 29: 298-308.

105. Criado FJ, Fairman RM, Becker GJ. Talent LPS AAA stent graft: results of a pivotal clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 709-15.

106. Kibbe MR, Matsumura JS. The gore excluder US multicenter trial: analysis of adverse events at two years. Semin Vasc Surg 2003; 16(2): 144-50.

107. Ouriel K, Clair DG, Greenberg RK, et al. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: device-specific out-come. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 991-8.

108. Riambau V, Montaña X, Caserta G, et al. No cuello, ningún problema: endoprótesis fenestrada, técnicas endovasculares 2003; VI(4): 916-8.

109. McWilliams RG, Fearn SJ, Harris PL, et al. Retrograde fenestration of endoluminal grafts from target vessels: feasibility, technique, and potential usage. J Endovasc Ther 2003; 10: 946-52.

110. Greenberg R, Haulon S, O’ Neill S, et al. Primary endovascular repair of juxtarenal aneurysms with fenestrated endovascular grafting. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 27: 484-91.

111. Abraham CZ, Reilly LM, Schneider DB, et al. A modular multi-branched system for endovascular repair of bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms. J Endovasc Ther 2003;10: 203-7.

112. Haddad F, Greenberg RK, Walker E, Nally J, et al. Fenestrated endovascular grafting: the renal side of the story. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41: 181-90.

113. Doss M, Wood JP, Balzer J, Martens S, Deschka H, Moritz A. Emergency endovascular interventions for acute thoracic aortic rupture: Four-year follow-up. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129(3): 645-51.

114. Melissano G, Civilini E, Bertoglio L, Setacci F, Chiesa R. Endovascular treatment of aortic arch aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29: 2131-8.

115. Chuter TA, Schneider DB, Reilly LM, et al. Modular branched stent graft for endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysm and dissection. J Vasc Surg 2003;38: 859-63.

116. Thomas SM, Beard JD, Ireland M, Ayers S. Results from the prospective registry of endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (RETA): mid term results to five years. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29(6): 563-70.

117. Tambyraja AL, Fraser CA, Murie JA, Chalmers TA. Functional outcome after open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(5) 758-61.

118. Prinssen M., Verhoeven ELG, Buth J. A randomized trial comparing conventional and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(2): 369.

119. Blankensteijn JD, De Jong SECA, Prinssen M, Van der Ham AC, Buth J, Van Sterkenburg SMM, Verhagen HJM, Buskens E, Grobbee DE. The dutch randomized endovascular aneurysm management (DREAM) trial group. Two-year outcomes after conventional or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2398-405.

120. Lederle FA. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm-round two. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2443-5.

121. Fink JG, Gutiérrez VS, Dena EE, Hurtado LLM, et al.

122. Tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma de la aorta abdominal en pacientes mayores de 60 años: morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Cir Gen 2002; 24(1): 34-9.

123. Eid-Lidt G. Tratamiento endovascular percutáneo en aorta toracoabdominal: estado del arte. Arch Cardiol Mex 2004; 74 Supl (2): 489-94.

124. Becquemin JP, Kelley L, Zubilewicz T, et al. Outcomes of secondary interventions following endovascular repair of AAA. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39: 298-305.

125. Beebe HG. Late failures of devices used for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: what have we learned and what is the task for the future? In: Gloviczki P, (ed.) Perspectives in vascular surgery and endovascular therapy. Vol. 14. No. 1. Thieme, NY: Stuttgart; 2001; 29-46.

126. Van Marrewijk C, Buth J, Harris PL, et al. Significance of endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: the EUROSTAR experience. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 461-73.

127. Ferrari M, Sardella SG, Berchiolli R, et al. Surgical treatment of persistent type 2 endoleaks, with increase of the aneurysm sac: indications and technical notes. Eur J Vasc and Endovasc Surg 2005; 29(1): 43-6.

128. Bernhard VM, Mitchell RS, Matsumura JS, et al. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 1157-62.

129. Gutiérrez VS, Fink JF, Valdés TM, Rubio SPA, Bautista HG. Complicaciones en los procedimientos endovasculares. En Sigler ML, Castañeda GR, Rish FN (eds.): Lesiones vasculares por iatrogenia. México: Manual Moderno 2004; 225-57.

130. Gutiérrez Carreño AR, Hamdan G, Fink JG, Morales MC, Arias E y Gutiérrez Carreño A. Cirugía de mínima invasión con endoprótesis Talent en el aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Rev Mex Angiol 2003; 31(4): 133-6.

131. Rosenberg BL, Comstock MC, Butz DA, et al. Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is more profitable than open repair based on contribution margin per day. Surgery 2005; 137: 285-92.

132. Wanhainen A, Lundkvist J, Bergqvist D, Björck M. Cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(5): 741-51.

133. Kolvenbach R, Pinter L, Raghunandan M, et al. Laparoscopic remodeling of abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular exclusion: a technical description. J Vasc Surg 2002; 36: 1267-70.

134. Alimi YS, Di Molfetta L, Hartung O, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm endoaneurysmorraphy: early and mid-term results. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37: 744-9.

135. Kudo T, Kao K, Nelson SD, Reil D, Haas BT, Ahn S. Laparoscopic aortic reinforcement and endovascular graft placement in swine: a new external wrap. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(6): 1031-5.

136. Javerliat M. Coggia ID, Centa F, Dubosq G. Colacchio JP, Leschi, Goëau-Brissonnière O. Total videoscopic aortic surgery: left retroperitoneoscopic approach. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29 (3): 244-6.

137. Cardon A, Brenugat S, Jan F, Kerdiles Y. Treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysm by minimally invasive retroperitoneal approach: use of a video-assisted technique. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41(1): 156-9.

138. www.evtoday.com

139. Ruiz Grande F. Aspectos históricos de la cirugía de los aneurismas. El legado de Antyllus. Patol Vasc 1997; 3(2): 77-87.

140. Laín-Entralgo P. Historia de la medicina. Barcelona: Salvat; 1976.

141. Cohen L, Graver L. The rupture of AAA of Albert Einstein. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 455-8.

142. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N. Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with result after five months. Arch Surg 1952; 64: 405-8.

143. Eastcott H. Aneurysms and the surgeon. A historical review. In Bergan J, Yao J, eds. Diagnosis and treatment. New York: Grunne-Stratton 1982; 3-17.

144. Webster M. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Historical note. In Charles d. Campbell (ed.) Aortic aneurysms: Surgical therapy. New York Futura Publishing Company 1981; 115-6.

145. Slaney G. A history of aneurysm. In: The cause and management of aneurysm. Philadelphia: Saunder; 1990.

146. Parodi JC, Palmaz JC, Barone HD. Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 1991; 5: 491-9.

147. Garza VL. Los aneurismas en el tiempo. Cir Gen 2000; 22(3): 264-71.

148. Frydman G, Walker PJ, Summers K, et al. The value of screening in siblings of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26: 396-400.

149. Rasmussen TE, Hallett JW, Jr, Tazelaar HD, et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II immune response genes, female gender and cigarette smoking as risk and modulating factors in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 988-93.

150. Estevan JM, Valle A, Menéndez A. Epidemiología de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Med Clin Barcelona; 1993; 100: 464-8.

151. Nathan DL, Joshua WM, Brigid AD, Brant MW. Phospholipase C gamma-1 is required downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor during arterial development. Genes & Developm 2003; 17: 1346-51.

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