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2015, Número 1

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Rev Med UV 2015; 15 (1)


Células Madre Hematopoyéticas: origen, diferenciación y función

Domínguez PM, Romero-Ramirez H, Rodríguez AJC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 29-37
Archivo PDF: 378.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

El tejido hematopoyético proviene del mesodermo y está conformado por células que se encargan del buen funcionamiento del organismo a través de la oxigenación, eliminación de desechos biológicos, transporte de células y componentes del sistema inmunológico. La sobrevivencia en este tejido depende de cada población y varía desde 100-120 días en el eritrocito, hasta probablemente toda la vida en una célula de memoria del sistema inmune. Ante la muerte celular, se requiere una producción periódica de células de los diversos linajes hematopoyéticos, tal pérdida es compensada por células inmaduras conocidas como Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (CMH) encargadas del proceso de hematopoyesis. Esta población se activa en el inicio de la vida fetal y genera cerca de 2 x 1011 eritrocitos y 1010 células blancas cada día, Poseen capacidades de auto-renovación y diferenciación a múltiples linajes, aunque esta capacidad disminuye hacia las etapas maduras del organismo. Las CMH se producen en distintos nichos, poseen proteínas membranales y expresan factores de trascripción que permiten identificarlas. En conjunto, la expresión o activación de estos factores y proteínas específicas para la diferenciación de cada linaje nos permiten entender los procesos celulares que rigen los mecanismos de auto-renovación, diferenciación y proliferación de las CMH. Esta revisión agrupa el conocimiento actual del origen, funcionamiento y factores que regulan el desarrollo y diferenciación de las células madre hematopoyéticas, pretende proporcionar una perspectiva que incluya las interacciones celulares durante su desarrollo, programación de linajes y reprogramación por factores de transcripción y las diferencias de cada etapa de la hematopoyesis.


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