2015, Número 3
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Salud Mental 2015; 38 (3)
Alucinaciones visuales en pacientes con privación sensorial: ¿síndrome de Charles Bonnet?
Negrete MY, Ramírez-Bermúdez J, Ruiz-Chow A, Aguilar-Venegas LC, Crail-Melendez D, Pérez-Esparza R, Alviso SLD
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 217-224
Archivo PDF: 506.98 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción
Existen pacientes que, después de lesiones cerebrales o periféricas,
pierden alguna función sensorial, como la vista o el oído. Paradójicamente,
después de perder esta función, presentan alucinaciones
complejas relacionadas con la función perdida. Se sabe que este
fenómeno puede presentarse ante lesiones en cualquier nivel de la vía
visual, especialmente en el nivel de la retina.
Objetivo
Revisar la bibliografía existente acerca del síndrome de Charles Bonnet
para conocer los últimos avances con respecto a este fenómeno.
Método
Se revisaron las bases de datos de PubMed y PsychInfo con las siguientes
palabras clave: síndrome de Charles Bonnet; alucinaciones
visuales; alucinosis peduncular; Charles Bonnet; privación sensorial.
Se incluyeron aquellos artículos que efectivamente trataran del tema.
Asimismo, se revisaron los textos clásicos referentes a este síndrome y
los artículos mencionados en la bibliografía encontrada.
Resultados
En el presente artículo se describe la historia del síndrome, el fenómeno
clínico, los factores de riesgo, los criterios diagnósticos, los
tratamientos empleados, otros fenómenos similares y las teorías propuestas
para explicarlo.
Discusión y conclusión
A la fecha continúan siendo controvertidos los criterios diagnósticos
del síndrome de Charles Bonnet, en especial en lo referente a la preservación
absoluta del
insight como condición
sine qua non. Descrito
desde el siglo XVIII, el síndrome de Charles Bonnet corresponde al
prototipo de alucinaciones visuales en pacientes con privación visual,
si bien, de acuerdo con la presente revisión, la fenomenología de
éste es bastante variada, siendo cuestionable si resulta también el
prototipo de las alucinaciones con
insight preservado.
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