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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2015, Número 2

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Rev Biomed 2015; 26 (2)


Una intervención innovadora de ecosalud para el control vectorial de la enfermedad de Chagas en Yucatán, México

Waleckx E, Cámara-Mejía J, Ramírez-Sierra MJ, Cruz-Chan V, Rosado-Vallado M, Vázquez-Narváez S, Nájera-Vázquez R, Gourbière S, Dumonteil E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 75-86
Archivo PDF: 431.86 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. Los triatominos no-domiciliados (intrusivos), siguen siendo un desafío para el control sostenido de los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas, debido a que estos tienen la capacidad de (re-)infestar las casas de forma transitoria. Uno de los ejemplos mejor caracterizado es el de Triatoma dimidiata en la península de Yucatán, México, donde los insectos adultos infestan las casas de forma estacional entre marzo y julio
Métodos. Enfocamos nuestro estudio en 3 pueblos, realizando inicialmente un análisis de la situación antes de implementar una intervención de control vectorial con un enfoque de ecosalud (enfoque ecosistémico aplicado a la salud).
Resultados. La identificación de los determinantes claves que influyen sobre la infestación estacional de las casas por T. dimidiata fue realizada explorando asociaciones entre la presencia de chinches y variables cualitativas y cuantitativas que describen el contexto ecológico, biológico y social de las comunidades. Posteriormente, utilizamos un abordaje de investigación-acción participativa para la implementación y evaluación de una estrategia de control basada en el uso de mosquiteros para reducir la infestación de las casas por T. dimidiata.
Conclusiones. Este enfoque de ecosalud parece ser una alternativa valiosa al rociado de insecticidas organizado de forma vertical. Una evaluación más profunda debería confirmar que esta intervención es sostenible y proporciona un control efectivo (en el sentido de limitar la infestación de las casas y los contactos vector/humano) de los triatominos intrusivos en la región.


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