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2015, Número 2

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Gac Med Mex 2015; 151 (2)


Prevalencia, factores asociados y fenomenología de la psicosis en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP)

Rodríguez-Violante M, Velázquez-Osuna S, Cervantes-Arriaga A, Corona-Vázquez T, de la Fuente-Sandoval C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 169-175
Archivo PDF: 109.54 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La psicosis asociada a la EP es una de las principales complicaciones neruopsiquiátricas, y se ha reportado que el 60% de los pacientes la presentarán durante su evolución. Su fisiopatología es multifactorial y clínicamente incluye fenómenos psicóticos menores, alucinaciones y estados confusionales. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes con EP de un hospital de tercer nivel utilizando una evaluación neurológica y neuropsiquiátrica, junto con escalas específicas para síntomas no motores, depresivos, cognición, presencia y gravedad de síntomas psicóticos y de las alucinaciones. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 236 pacientes con Parkinson, de los cuales 33 (13.9%) cumplieron los criterios para psicosis en el momento de la evaluación. Las alucinaciones visuales fueron el síntoma más frecuente. La edad (p = 0.004), la edad de inicio de la enfermedad (p = 0.007), la duración de la misma (p = 0.004), el uso de levodopa (p = 0.02) y el de amantadina (p = 0.004) fueron los principales factores asociados a la presencia de psicosis. Conclusión: La psicosis en la EP es una manifestación relativamente frecuente y se asocia principalmente a factores clínicos y demográficos. Su detección oportuna permitirá optimizar el manejo y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores.


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