2014, Número 2
Cirugía laparoscópica conservadora de nefronas en los tumores renales. Resultado preliminar
González LT, Suárez MME,Bautista OJ, Perdomo LD
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 11-21
Archivo PDF: 786.60 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: El diagnóstico por imágenes ha permitido la detección de pequeños tumores renales, en estadios iniciales. Aunque la nefrectomía radical (NR) es aún el tratamiento más empleado, la cirugía conservadora de nefronas (CCN) está desplazando su indicación, con resultados oncológicos similares y una favorable repercusión sobre la función renal global. La CCN por laparoscópica (CLCN) es una técnica compleja, que requiere una gran especialización y experiencia.
Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados preliminares de la CLCN en una serie de pacientes.
Método: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo en 14 pacientes operados de CLCN en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso (CNCMA). Los tumores se evaluaron mediante estudios de imágenes y se empleó la nefrometría según el R.E.N.A.L. score. La CCN se realizó mediante abordaje transperitoneal y mano-asistencia o mediante abordaje lumboscópico. No se realizó clampaje del pedículo renal.
Resultados: La edad promedio fue 51,5 %, y predominaron las mujeres y el diagnóstico incidental. La CLCN fue factible en el 85,7 %. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 171 min y el sangrado 272,8 ml. La estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria fue de 3,1 días. Se presentaron cuatro complicaciones (28,4 %), una de ellas grado V. El 78,5 % eran T1a. Predominó el carcinoma renal. Se reportó un margen positivo y uno tuvo recurrencia tumoral. No se produjeron metástasis, ni fallecimientos cáncer-dependiente. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue 20 meses.
Conclusiones: La CLCN ha mostrado resultados preliminares satisfactorios, que la convierten en una alternativa segura y factible para el tratamiento de los tumores renales T1.
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