Sumano LH, Ocampo CL, Gutiérrez OL

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 119
Paginas: 137-159
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RESUMEN

Este trabajo ubica al clenbuterol y otros fármacos agonistas Β-adrenérgicos, en la dimensión farmacológica que les corresponde. En el ámbito internacional el uso de estos últimos se está incrementando para mejorar el rendimiento en canal de varias especies domésticas. Destacan el clenbuterol, zilpaterol y la ractopamina, entre otros, del grupo de las fenetanolaminas. Se puntualizan en esta revisión las diferencias químicas y farmacológicas de los compuestos citados, destacando los puntos que impactan en la salud pública. Del análisis de la información resulta evidente que el clenbuterol es capaz de aumentar el rendimiento de las canales de los bovinos y otras especies. Empero, es un tanto peligroso para la salud pública y representa un acto ilegal y, por tanto, reprobable y punible. No obstante, debe destacarse que este principio activo no es potencialmente oncogénico ni mutagénico y es embriotóxico sólo a grandes dosis. Únicamente representa un peligro para la salud pública en términos de la estimulación cardiovascular que se deriva de la ingestión de productos cárnicos provenientes de animales tratados con clenbuterol y en los que no se observó un retiro de rastro de cuatro semanas. A la fecha no existen informes que documenten fatalidades. En contraparte la ractopamina y el zilpaterol son tan débiles farmacológicamente en el ser humano que se biotransforman y depuran con rapidez en los animales, tanto que es imposible considerar que induzcan efectos cardiovasculares adversos o de otra índole, aun consumiendo productos de origen animal provenientes de bovinos y cerdos en los que no se guardó ningún periodo de retiro.

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