2015, Número 2
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Salud Mental 2015; 38 (2)
Anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva en psicosis: Concepto y validación empírica del modelo de los Síntomas Básicos
Vilagrà RR, Barrantes-Vidal N
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 139-146
Archivo PDF: 322.23 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción
Tradicionalmente, en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento
de los trastornos del espectro psicótico ha imperado un modelo
de comprensión objetivista, centrado principalmente en los síntomas
positivos y negativos. Aunque es innegable el valor de esta aproximación,
implica considerables limitaciones ampliamente conocidas.
De forma complementaria, existe una larga y prometedora tradición
fenomenológica en la cual la experiencia subjetiva del síntoma del
paciente adquiere una importancia fundamental. La aproximación de
las anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva o, específicamente, de los
Síntomas Básicos ha adquirido mucha fuerza dentro del contexto de
detección precoz de psicosis y esquizofrenia.
Objetivo
Esta revisión expone la aproximación fenomenológica de las anomalías
de la experiencia subjetiva y se define detalladamente el modelo
de los Síntomas Básicos, así como su proceso de validación empírica
en el campo de detección precoz de psicosis.
Método
Las bases de datos consultadas han sido PubMed Central
® y PsycINFO
®,
así como libros de autores de referencia.
Resultados
En las dos últimas décadas ha habido un creciente interés científico
sobre esta orientación con resultados muy prometedores.
Discusión y conclusión
El modelo más destacado a nivel empírico es el de los Síntomas Básicos,
aunque recientemente también han ganado gran relevancia las
alteraciones del flujo de la consciencia o del
self.
Se ha comprobado que las anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva
consiguen delimitar un perfil de riesgo de psicosis más temprano
que los síntomas psicóticos atenuados. Por tanto, son un complemento
altamente válido en las estrategias de detección e intervención temprana
de psicosis.
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