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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2015, Número 2

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salud publica mex 2015; 57 (2)


Sintomatología depresiva materna en México: prevalencia nacional, atención y perfiles poblacionales de riesgo

de Castro F, Place JM, Villalobos A, Allen-Leigh B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 144-154
Archivo PDF: 533.83 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva (SD) en madres de menores de cinco años, tasas de detección y atención y probabilidades de presentar SD de acuerdo con perfiles de riesgo específicos. Material y métodos. Muestra de 7 187 mujeres con hijos menores de cinco años, proveniente de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012. Resultados. La prevalencia de SD es de 19.91%, lo que implica que 4.6 millones de menores viven con madres que podrán sufrir depresión moderada o grave. Hay bajas tasas de detección (17.06%) y atención (15.19%) de depresión. La SD se asocia con violencia (OR=2.34; IC95% 1.06-5.15), tener más de cuatro hijos, sexo femenino del menor, mayor edad del último hijo, bajo peso al nacer, inseguridad alimentaria y haber iniciado vida sexual antes de los 15 años (p‹0.01). La probabilidad acumulada de SD, si se consideran todos los factores de riesgo, es de 69.76%; se podría reducir a 13.21% con medidas preventivas enfocadas en eliminar la violencia, la inseguridad alimentaria, las valoraciones inequitativas de género y el bajo peso al nacer. Conclusiones. La SD es un problema relevante de salud pública en México; está asociada con un conjunto bien determinado de factores de riesgo que ameritan prevención, así como detección y atención oportuna en los distintos niveles de atención.


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