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2015, Número 1

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Gac Med Mex 2015; 151 (1)


Factores genéticos de la demencia en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP)

Romo-Gutiérrez D, Petra-Yescas, López-López M, Marie-Catherine Boll

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 110-118
Archivo PDF: 101.83 Kb.


RESUMEN

La EP es un padecimiento neurodegenerativo frecuente que se caracteriza tanto por síntomas motores como no motores. Entre estos últimos se encuentra la demencia, cuyos factores de riesgo son la edad avanzada, la severidad de los síntomas parkinsónicos, el predominio de rigidez, la inestabilidad postural, las alucinaciones y el déficit cognoscitivo leve documentado en las primeras consultas. Sólo un 5-10% de los casos presenta una herencia autosómica dominante o recesiva, mientras que la mayoría de los pacientes sufre de formas no mendelianas o complejas donde los factores genéticos actúan combinados con causas ambientales. Poco se sabe sobre la contribución de los factores genéticos en el desarrollo de demencia en la EP (DEP). Una revisión de la literatura sobre las variaciones génicas eventualmente proveedoras de DEP reveló a la α-sinucleína (PARK1/PARK4) como la principal responsable, además de las mutaciones en el gen de la glucocerebrosidasa (GBA). En cuanto al deterioro cognoscitivo en la EP, poco se ha relacionado con los polimorfismos génicos y la mayoría de los estudios carece de evaluación profunda de este fenotipo.


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