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2014, Número S2

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Gac Med Mex 2014; 150 (S2)


Actualidades en el tratamiento del melanoma en etapas avanzadas

Ayala-Cortés AS, Garza-Rodríguez V, Ocampo-Candiani J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 144-155
Archivo PDF: 273.30 Kb.


RESUMEN

El melanoma es una de las neoplasias que más ha aumentado en los últimos años; en EE.UU., entre los años 1950 y 2000 su incidencia incrementó un 619%. Su tratamiento en etapas avanzadas siempre ha sido un reto y, una vez que se vuelve metastásico, no existe ningún esquema terapéutico curativo. Desde hace algunos años se producen avances significativos en el entendimiento de los cambios genéticos, inmunológicos y moleculares que ocurren en su desarrollo y progresión, y ello ha permitido desarrollar tratamientos moleculares e inmunomoduladores que presentan mejores tasas de respuesta que la quimioterapia (QT) convencional. Aunque el arsenal terapéutico actual es muy amplio, sólo hay ocho medicamentos aprobados por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). En el siguiente artículo se revisarán los tratamientos sistémicos más relevantes: QT convencional, terapia molecular (inhibidores de la vía proteína cinasa activada por mitógenos [MAPK]) e inmunomoduladora (interleucina 2 [IL-2], interferón α [IFN-α], inhibidores del antígeno 4 de los linfocitos T citotóxicos [CTLA-4] y muerte programada 1 [PD-1]), así como otros misceláneos, entre los que se encuentran los inhibidores de la angiogénesis, los moduladores de la apoptosis celular, las vacunas y la radioterapia.


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