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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2014, Número 5

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Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (5)


La microbiota como agente inductor de la obesidad, la inflamación sistémica y la resistencia a la insulina

Escobedo G, López-Ortiz E, Torres-Castro I

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 450-459
Archivo PDF: 211.29 Kb.


RESUMEN

La obesidad se asocia con un estado inflamatorio sistémico que contribuye al desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina. Sin embargo, los factores involucrados en la relación del fenotipo obesogénico con el establecimiento de la respuesta inflamatoria y la pérdida de la sensibilidad a la insulina todavía no han sido identificados completamente. La microbiota está constituida por alrededor de 1013 y 1014 bacterias que habitan el intestino humano, agrupadas en cerca de 1,000 especies bacterianas distintas. Numerosos estudios sugieren que las alteraciones en las poblaciones bacterianas intestinales podrían conducir a mayor propensión a la obesidad, el desarrollo de un estado de inflamación sistémica y la disfunción metabólica. En esta revisión se exponen los principales filabacterianos asociados con el fenotipo obesogénico, así como su posible papel en el aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal y la generación de la endotoxemia por el lipopolisacárido. Además, discutimos la participación de la disbiosis intestinal en la activación de macrófagos inflamatorios, con capacidad de infiltrar el tejido adiposo visceral induciendo pérdida de la sensibilidad a la insulina. Finalmente, se revisan los aparentes beneficios del uso de prebióticos y probióticos, en el tratamiento de la inflamación sistémica y la disfunción metabólica. En un futuro esta información podría ser útil en el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas encaminadas al control de la obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina, a través del restablecimiento del balance poblacional de la microbiota.


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