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2014, Número 1

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Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología 2014; 28 (1)


Artrosis y actividad física

Márquez AJJ, Márquez AWH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 105
Paginas: 83-100
Archivo PDF: 171.46 Kb.


RESUMEN

La artrosis es una de las principales causas de dolor y discapacidad en el mundo y afecta principalmente a las articulaciones de la rodilla, cadera y mano. La influencia de la actividad física en el desarrollo y progresión de la artrosis es controversial. En general, parece no tener un efecto perjudicial sobre la rodilla y la cadera, y por el contrario, beneficia la salud articular. Factores de riesgo, como la obesidad y el trauma previo sí provocan efectos nocivos. La mayoría de los expertos recomienda las medidas no farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla y cadera, entre estas: ejercicios aeróbicos, de fuerza, acuáticos; y la fisioterapia para la mejoría del funcionamiento físico, de la discapacidad y el dolor. Falta determinar con mayor precisión la prescripción ideal del ejercicio para obtener sus efectos en estos pacientes y poder optimizar el manejo individualizado. La adherencia es fundamental para obtener los beneficios de cualquier tipo de ejercicio a corto y largo plazo y se debe evaluar mínimo las preferencias y barreras para su ejecución. Este artículo revisa fundamentalmente los efectos de la actividad física y el ejercicio en el desarrollo, progresión y tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla y cadera.


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