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2002, Número 2

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Anales de Radiología México 2002; 1 (2)


Aplicaciones Clínicas de la Resonancia Magnética Funcional

Salgado-Lujambio P, Delgado-Hernández R, Rojas-Jasso R, Sánchez-Cortazar J, Reynoso-Padilla G, Barrios FA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 140
Paginas: 431-446
Archivo PDF: 466.56 Kb.


RESUMEN

Históricamente, los estudios de neuroimagen para valorar la función cerebral se han basado en el uso de la tecnología de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET, por sus siglas en inglés, “possitron emisson tomography”) y tomografía computada de emisión de fotón único (SPECT, por sus siglas en inglés, “single positron emisson computed tomography”). Estos métodos han sido aplicados en una variedad de neuropatologías incluyendo isquemia, neoplasias, epilepsia y trastornos degenerativos como son enfermedad de Parkinson y Alzheimer.
En la imagen por resonancia magnética se tienen en la actualidad distintas técnicas capaces de valorar función cerebral. Las secuencias pesadas a difusión permiten representar los movimientos Brownianos de los protones de las moléculas de agua en los tejidos, lo cual ayuda a evaluar los cambios dinámicos de la isquemia, de predominio en fase hiperaguda, y de las neoplasias. A su vez, la secuencia de perfusión de una factor de contraste exógeno ó el mapeo del volumen sanguíneo cerebral puede aportar información complementaria en la evolución aguda de los eventos isquémicos y neoplasias cerebrales. La espectroscopía de protones por resonancia magnética realiza un análisis del comportamiento metabólico del tejido cerebral normal y patológico. El mapeo de la activación de la corteza cerebral utilizando la secuencia BOLD (por sus siglas en inglés, blood oxygen level dependent) puede detectar cambios focales en el metabolismo y hemodinámicos de la actividad cortical, sin utilizar medio de contraste paramagnético.


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