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2014, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Pediatr 2014; 86 (3)


Obesidad pediátrica y factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos asociados

Pérez CLM, Herrera VR, Villacís PD, Wilford LM, Fernández MI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 273-288
Archivo PDF: 210.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la obesidad está asociada a eventos cardiovasculares fundamentalmente en adultos, sin embargo, los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, a menudo, están presentes desde la infancia y la adolescencia.
Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en niños y adolescentes obesos.
Métodos: se presenta un estudio observacional, prospectivo en 202 niños y adolescentes obesos procedentes de consultas de Endocrinología de los hospitales pediátricos de La Habana, remitidos a consulta de referencia del Hospital Pediátrico Centro Habana, durante el periodo enero-2010 a enero-2012. Al total de pacientes se les realizó una encuesta de antecedentes, factores de riesgo y mediciones físicas (peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y tensión arterial). Se determinaron niveles séricos de colesterol, triglicéridos, colesterol transportado por lipoproteínas de alta densidad, glucemia e insulina en ayunas. Se determinó microalbuminuria como marcador de daño vascular. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, y se correlacionaron con la microalbuminuria. Se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS 13.0 para su análisis.
Resultados: se encontró que los niveles bajos de colesterol transportado por lipoproteínas de alta densidad, el síndrome metabólico, la resistencia insulínica, la hipertrigliceridemia, la hipertensión arterial y la hipercolesterolemia fueron los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos más frecuentemente asociados a la obesidad. El factor de riesgo asociado de manera significativa a la microalbuminuria fue la hipertensión arterial.
Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos asociados a la obesidad pueden ser identificados en edades tempranas de la vida.


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