Dehesa-López E, Manzanarez-Moreno I, Quintero-Pérez A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 28
Paginas: 407-418
Archivo PDF: 465.07 Kb.

RESUMEN

Antecedentes: la hipoglucemia es una complicación aguda frecuente en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus y conlleva un efecto negativo en la morbilidad, mortalidad y la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Objetivos: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con episodios de hipoglucemia grave en pacientes con diabetes mellitus.
Material y método: estudio de casos y controles hospitalarios. Se incluyeron 58 pacientes diabéticos que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de hipoglucemia grave y 63 pacientes diabéticos controles. Mediante regresión logística binaria se estudió el efecto de covariables clínicas, demográficas y de laboratorio para la aparición de hipoglucemia grave.
Resultados: el promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 63 ± 13 años, 66.1% (n = 80) era del sexo femenino y 95% tenía diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Los factores de riesgo asociados con hipoglucemia grave fueron: edad con OR de 1.12 (IC 95% 1.05-1.20; p = 0.01), administración de secretagogos con OR de 9.92 (IC 95% 1.56-63.22; p = 0.02), administración de insulina NPH con OR de 131.99 (IC 95% 8.5-2,049.9; p = 0.01) y número de eventos previos de hipoglucemia con OR de 26.33 (IC 95% 3.92-176.71; p = 0.01). Los factores protectores contra hipoglucemia grave fueron: el seguimiento previo por un médico internista con OR de 0.07 (IC 95% 0.01-0.35; p = 0.01) y por un endocrinólogo con OR de 0.01 (IC 95% 0.00-0.40; p = 0.02).
Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de hipoglucemia grave fueron: edad, evento previo de hipoglucemia, administración de insulina NPH y secretagogos. De manera interesante, el nivel de especialización del médico en el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tuvo un papel importante en la reducción del riesgo de hipoglucemia.

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