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2014, Número 4

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Cir Cir 2014; 82 (4)


Defectos óseos en artroplastia de revisión de rodilla tratados con aloinjerto óseo y plasma rico en plaquetas

Macule-Beneyto F, Segur-Vilalta J, Vilchez-Cavazos F, Esteban-Navarro P, Vidal-Sicart S, Acosta-Olivo C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 395-401
Archivo PDF: 369.58 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: uno de los aspectos más desafiantes de la artroplastia de revisión de rodilla es el manejo de la pérdida ósea.
Objetivo: demostrar la capacidad de incrementar la densidad mineral ósea en áreas con pérdida ósea, mediante el uso de plasma rico en plaquetas.
Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, cegado; efectuado con pacientes a quienes se realizó artroplastia de revisión de rodilla con pérdida ósea metafisiaria de tibia. Los pacientes se asignaron al azar a dos grupos para rellenar los defectos con aloinjerto óseo liofilizado con plasma rico en plaquetas (grupo experimental, n= 9), y otro grupo que sólo recibió el injerto óseo liofilizado (grupo control, n= 7). En ambos grupos la evaluación de la densidad mineral ósea se hizo con absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) antes de la operación, al mes, seis meses, y un año después de la cirugía.
Resultados: se estudiaron 16 pacientes sin diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la densidad mineral ósea durante el periodo de seguimiento.
Conclusiones: el plasma rico en plaquetas no demostró incrementar la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes con defectos óseos por artroplastia de revisión de rodilla.


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