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2014, Número 4

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Rev Med MD 2014; 5.6 (4)


Eficacia y seguridad de los probióticos en el recién nacido pretérmino

García-Morales E, Angulo-Castellanos E, Carrillo-Ruvalcaba SA, López-Varela MG, López-Altamirano D, Valera-Sarmiento C, Rodríguez-García AI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 238-247
Archivo PDF: 615.34 Kb.


RESUMEN

La utilización de probióticos surge como una nueva alternativa en la prevención de ciertas patologías y en la mortalidad del recién nacido pretérmino, sin embargo, aún existen dudas de la eficacia y sobre todo de la seguridad de su administración en este grupo tan vulnerable de la población. Se realizó una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica sobre la eficacia y la seguridad de la utilización de los probióticos en el recién nacido pretérmino. La evidencia científica actual puede sustentar en gran medida la eficacia de los probióticos en la prevención de enterocolitis necrosante neonatal, sepsis neonatal, mortalidad neonatal e intolerancia a la alimentación en el recién nacido pretérmino, sin embargo en relación a la seguridad, aún queda mucho que analizar para futuras investigaciones sobre todo en el recién nacido con peso extremadamente bajo al nacimiento. Se debe realizar una evaluación individualizada y ponderar el riesgo/beneficio de la administración de los probióticos, por ejemplo: al prematuro que carezca de la alimentación con leche humana se le debe considerar como de alto riesgo para desarrollar enterocolitis necrosante neonatal y por lo tanto, candidato a recibir la suplementación con probióticos. Aún quedan dudas por resolver en relación a la mejor cepa a utilizar, dosis y forma de administración, además de la evaluación de resultados a largo plazo, sin embargo, en base a las evidencias científicas actuales, consideramos útil la administración de probióticos en este tipo de pacientes de alto riesgo.


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