2014, Número 2
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Revista Cubana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular 2014; 15 (2)
Prevención de la enfermedad extracraneal carotídea en la atención primaria de salud
Clavijo RT
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 175.40 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: la ateromatosis de la arteria carótida extracraneal es una causa frecuente de infarto cerebral y la posibilidad de evitarlo hacen apremiante la puesta en marcha o el reforzamiento de los programas preventivos.
Objetivo: actualizar los aspectos más relevantes de la enfermedad carotídea asociados a los factores de riesgo y su prevención en la atención primaria de salud.
Métodos: se revisaron los aspectos epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos para la prevención de la enfermedad carotídea según los diferentes niveles de atención, los tratamientos médicos y el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Los datos se obtuvieron por un extenso análisis de la evidencia científica publicada en los últimos cinco años (2009-2013) que aparecía en las bases de datos MedLine, Google académico, además de CuMed, SciELO Cuba, utilizando como palabras claves: enfermedad carotídea, enfermedad cerebrovascular extracraneal, atención primaria de salud, prevención, estenosis, diagnóstico, tratamiento.
Síntesis de la información: hubo coincidencia en que la ateroesclerosis es consecuencia de la exposición prolongada de los individuos a una serie de factores de riesgo bien identificados, y con el hecho de que la enfermedad carotídea es una manifestación temprana de la ateroesclerosis subclínica, asociada generalmente al consumo de tabaco, la hipertensión arterial y la hipercolesteremia, además de la diabetes, la obesidad, el sedentarismo y el consumo excesivo de alcohol.
Conclusiones: el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad carotídea permite mejorar su pronóstico. La acción de promoción de salud y el tratamiento médico parece ser la opción terapéutica de elección para la prevención de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares.
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