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2009, Número 1

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Rev Acta Médica 2009; 12 (1)


Ácidos grasos trans, Omega 3 y Omega 6

Nasiff HA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 91.30 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los ácidos grasos son componentes estructurales presentes en todo ser viviente, plantas y animales. Pueden ser saturados e insaturados y dentro de estos últimos se distinguen los monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. Los omega-6 y los omega-3 pertenecen a los poliinsaturados. Todos estos ácidos grasos se encuentran en la doble capa de fosfolípidos de todas las membranas celulares y de los organelos citoplasmáticos, que le confiere a la membrana propiedades diferentes de acuerdo con el ácido graso predominante. A través de la membrana celular se establecen las comunicaciones intercelulares; así la expresión de receptores, las proteínas de membrana, la síntesis de prostaciclinas, tromboxanos y leucotrienos y los ligandos de receptores nucleares, pueden variar en sus características funcionales en dependencia de los ácidos grasos que predominan en los fosfolípidos de membrana.
Los ácidos grasos de las membranas de algunas células cambian de acuerdo con el tipo de grasa que ingerimos en la dieta, lo que tiene impacto sobre los lípidos plasmáticos, la presión arterial, la sensibilidad a la insulina, el endotelio, las enfermedades inflamatorias, las autoinmunes y el cáncer.
Otros ácidos grasos de importancia para la salud humana son los trans, los que se forman de la halogenación, hidratación e hidrogenación de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Tienen un efecto similar al de las grasas saturadas, que favorecen el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis.
Si nos detenemos a meditar la importancia de la célula y su membrana en todas las funciones del organismo, visto como un todo, comprenderemos por qué resulta tan complejo y susceptible de numerosos cambios que sólo reconocemos por los síntomas y signos y que generalmente no es posible identificar su más íntima patogenia.


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