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ISSN 0188-9796 (Impreso)

2013, Número 3

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2013; 21 (3)


Fisiopatología de la diabetes y los mecanismos de muerte de las células β pancreáticas

Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Presno-Bernal JM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 98-106
Archivo PDF: 242.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por un defecto en la regulación de la glucemia por la insulina. En la actualidad, la prevalencia de diabetes es alta en la población mexicana, ocupando el segundo lugar en las principales causas de mortalidad. La diabetes comúnmente se clasifica con base en el origen que la desencadena, por lo cual existe la diabetes tipo 1, tipo 2, MODY, entre otras. La fisiopatología de la enfermedad involucra un deterioro progresivo de la integridad de las células β pancreáticas encargadas de la secreción de insulina en respuesta al incremento de la glucemia. La muerte celular como consecuencia de la hiperglucemia es un proceso común en los diferentes tipos de diabetes, y el esclarecimiento de los mecanismos involucrados en dicho proceso permitirá el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas útiles para prevenir el daño e incluso revertir la pérdida de la masa celular en pacientes con diabetes avanzada. En este trabajo se revisan algunos procesos que se alteran durante la diabetes, como la secreción de insulina y la señalización del receptor para insulina, además de los mecanismos que participan en la pérdida de la integridad de las células β pancreáticas por fenómenos inflamatorios.


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