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2005, Número 3

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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2005; 43 (3)


Uso de antimicrobianos en infecciones agudas de vías respiratorias altas

Ramírez VI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 247-255
Archivo PDF: 115.35 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las infecciones agudas de vías respiratorias altas representan una de las principales causas de consulta en medicina familiar. En Estados Unidos de Norteámerica se calcula que cada año se podría ahorrar 50 millones de prescripciones de antimicro-bianos si éstos fueran usados correctamente en dichas entidades clínicas. La gran mayoría de los cuadros de rinofaringitis aguda se resuelve sin anti-microbianos, al igual que los de sinusitis aguda. La otitis media aguda debe ser distinguida de la otitis media con derrame; la primera en muchos casos puede ser tratada sin antimicrobianos y la segunda no mejora con antimicrobianos si la evolución ha sido menor de tres meses. La faringitis aguda se trata mejor si se le considera un sín-drome de odinofagia y se usan criterios clínicos para distinguir a los pacientes que requieren tratamiento antimicrobiano. La bronquitis aguda no mejora sustantivamente con antimicrobianos. Las quinolonas no son fármacos de elección en infecciones agudas de vías respiratorias altas.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Del Mar CB, Glasziou P. Upper respiratory tract infections. Clin Evid 2002;7:1391-1399. Extracto publicado en Am Fam Phys 2002;66(11):2143-2144.

  2. McCaig LF, Hughes JM. Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in United States. JAMA 1995;273:214-219.

  3. Rutschman O, Domino ME. Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in ambulatory practice in United States. JABFP 2004;17(3):196-200.

  4. Dowell SF, Phillips WR. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. Appropriate use of antibiotics por URIs in children: Part II. Cough, pharyngitis and common cold. Am Fam Physician 1998;58(6):1335-1352.

  5. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part I. Acute respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(2):327-328.

  6. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part IV. Acute pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(5):870-875.

  7. Hayes CS, Williamson H Jr. Management of group A beta-hemolytic estreptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2001;63(8):1557-1564.

  8. Ebell MH. Strep troat. Am Fam Physician 2003;68 (5):937-938. Disponible en www.aafp.org/Am Fam Physician/20030901/pocform.html.

  9. Bass JW. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis revisited. JAMA 1986;256:740-743.

  10. Petri WA. Antimicrobial agents. Penicillins, cephalosporins and other B-lactam antibiotics En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Tenth edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1189-1218.

  11. Mohler AM. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician: 2002;65(7):1280 (Letter).

  12. Ray WA, Murria KT, Meredith S, Narasimhulu SS, Stein M. Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1089-1096.

  13. Johns MC, Tracy TS. Cytochrome P450: New nomenclature and clinical implications. Am Fam Physician 1998;57:107-115.

  14. Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents. Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors.

  15. Goodman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1239-1271.

  16. Pichichero ME, Margolis PA. A comparison of cephalosporins and penicillins in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis supporting the concept of microbial copathogenicity. Pediatr Infec Dis J 1991;10:275-281.

  17. Dowell SF, Phillips WR. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. Appropriate use of antibiotics por URIs in children: Part I. Otitis media and acute sinusitis. Am

  18. Fam Physician 1998;58(5):1113-1118.

  19. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics, AAFP. Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Clinical Practice

  20. Guide. Pediatrics 2004;113(5):1451-1465.

  21. Barnet ED, Levatin JL, Chapman EH. Challenges of evaluating homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:273-275.

  22. Eaton CB. Should we prescribe antibiotics for acute otitis media? Am Fam Phys 2001;64(3):469-470. 20. Walling AD. Predictors of poor outcome and benefits from antibiotics in children with acute otitis media: pragmatic randomized trial. BMJ 2002;325:22-25.

  23. Blasco PG. A Medicina de Família: um Caminho para Humanizar a Medicina Revista Notandum- 9, pp 51-60. En: http://www.hottopos.com/notand9/pablo.htm

  24. Damoiseaux RA. . Primary care based randomized, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years. BMJ February 5, 2000;320:350-354.

  25. Cohet C, Cheng S, MacDonald C, Baker M, Foliaki S, Huntington N. y cols. Infections, medication use, and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and

  26. eczema in childhood. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58(10)852-857.

  27. Semchenko A, Baroody F, Culpepper. Management of acute sinusitis and acute otitis media. Monografía No.1 de Am Fam Physician 2001.

  28. Gwaltney JM Jr, Phillips CD, Miller RD, Riker DK. Computed tomographic study of the common cold. N Engl J Med 1994;330:25-30.

  29. Colgan R, Powers JH. Appropriate antimicrobial prescribing: approaches that limit antibiotic resistence. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(6):999-1004.

  30. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part II. Nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(3):510.

  31. Matthys H. Efficacy and safety of an extract o Pelargonium sidoides (Eps 7630) in adults with acute bronchitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10(Suppl 4):7-17.

  32. Holten KB, Onusko EM. Appropriate prescribing of oral beta-lactam antibiotics. Am Fam Phys 2000;62(3): 611-620.

  33. Cohen R. One dose ceftriaxone vs. ten days of amoxicillin-clavulanate therapy for acute otitis media: clinical efficacy and change in nasopharyngeal flora.

  34. Pediatr Infect Dis J May 1999;18:403-409.

  35. Hueston WJ. Treatment of recurrent otitis media after a previous treatment failure. Which antibiotics work best? J Fam Pract January 1999;48:43-46.

  36. Oliphant CM, Green GM. Quinolones: a comprehensive review. Am Fam Physician 2002;65(3): 455-64.

  37. Flores-Hernández S, Trejo-Pérez JA, Reyes-Morales H, Pérez-Cuevas R, Guiscafré-Gallardo H. Guía clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de

  38. infecciones respiratorias agudas. Rev Med IMSS 2002; 41 (Supl):S3-S14.

  39. Hendley JO. Otitis media. N Engl J Med 2002;347: 1171.

  40. Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics. 10th ed.

  41. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1143-1170.

  42. Del Mar CB, Glasziou P. Upper respiratory tract infections. Clin Evid 2002;7:1391-1399. Extracto publicado en Am Fam Phys 2002;66(11):2143-2144.

  43. McCaig LF, Hughes JM. Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in United States. JAMA 1995;273:214-219.

  44. Rutschman O, Domino ME. Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in ambulatory practice in United States. JABFP 2004;17(3):196-200.

  45. Dowell SF, Phillips WR. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. Appropriate use of antibiotics por URIs in children: Part II. Cough, pharyngitis and common cold. Am Fam Physician 1998;58(6):1335-1352.

  46. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part I. Acute respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(2):327-328.

  47. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part IV. Acute pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(5):870-875.

  48. Hayes CS, Williamson H Jr. Management of group A beta-hemolytic estreptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2001;63(8):1557-1564.

  49. Ebell MH. Strep troat. Am Fam Physician 2003;68 (5):937-938. Disponible en www.aafp.org/Am Fam Physician/20030901/pocform.html.

  50. Bass JW. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis revisited. JAMA 1986;256:740-743.

  51. Petri WA. Antimicrobial agents. Penicillins, cephalosporins and other B-lactam antibiotics En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Tenth edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1189-1218.

  52. Mohler AM. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician: 2002;65(7):1280 (Letter).

  53. Ray WA, Murria KT, Meredith S, Narasimhulu SS, Stein M. Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1089-1096.

  54. Johns MC, Tracy TS. Cytochrome P450: New nomenclature and clinical implications. Am Fam Physician 1998;57:107-115.

  55. Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents. Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1239-1271.

  56. Pichichero ME, Margolis PA. A comparison of cephalosporins and penicillins in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis supporting the concept of microbial copathogenicity. Pediatr Infec Dis J 1991;10:275-281.

  57. Dowell SF, Phillips WR. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. Appropriate use of antibiotics por URIs in children: Part I. Otitis media and acute sinusitis. Am Fam Physician 1998;58(5):1113-1118.

  58. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics, AAFP. Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Clinical Practice Guide. Pediatrics 2004;113(5):1451-1465.

  59. Barnet ED, Levatin JL, Chapman EH. Challenges of evaluating homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:273-275.

  60. Eaton CB. Should we prescribe antibiotics for acute otitis media? Am Fam Phys 2001;64(3):469-470.

  61. Walling AD. Predictors of poor outcome and benefits from antibiotics in children with acute otitis media: pragmatic randomized trial. BMJ 2002;325:22-25.

  62. Blasco PG. A Medicina de Família: um Caminho para Humanizar a Medicina Revista Notandum- 9, pp 51-60. En: http://www.hottopos.com/notand9/pablo.htm

  63. Damoiseaux RA. . Primary care based randomized, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years. BMJ February 5, 2000;320:350-354.

  64. Cohet C, Cheng S, MacDonald C, Baker M, Foliaki S, Huntington N. y cols. Infections, medication use, and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in childhood. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58(10)852-857.

  65. Semchenko A, Baroody F, Culpepper. Management of acute sinusitis and acute otitis media. Monografía No.1 de Am Fam Physician 2001.

  66. Gwaltney JM Jr, Phillips CD, Miller RD, Riker DK. Computed tomographic study of the common cold. N Engl J Med 1994;330:25-30.

  67. Colgan R, Powers JH. Appropriate antimicrobial prescribing: approaches that limit antibiotic resistence. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(6):999-1004.

  68. Ressel G. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use: Part II. Nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician 2001;64(3):510.

  69. Matthys H. Efficacy and safety of an extract o Pelargonium sidoides (Eps 7630) in adults with acute bronchitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10(Suppl 4):7-17.

  70. Holten KB, Onusko EM. Appropriate prescribing of oral beta-lactam antibiotics. Am Fam Phys 2000;62(3): 611-620.

  71. Cohen R. One dose ceftriaxone vs. ten days of amoxicillin-clavulanate therapy for acute otitis media: clinical efficacy and change in nasopharyngeal flora. Pediatr Infect Dis J May 1999;18:403-409.

  72. Hueston WJ. Treatment of recurrent otitis media after a previous treatment failure. Which antibiotics work best? J Fam Pract January 1999;48:43-46.

  73. Oliphant CM, Green GM. Quinolones: a comprehensive review. Am Fam Physician 2002;65(3): 455-64.

  74. Flores-Hernández S, Trejo-Pérez JA, Reyes-Morales H, Pérez-Cuevas R, Guiscafré-Gallardo H. Guía clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de infecciones respiratorias agudas. Rev Med IMSS 2002; 41 (Supl):S3-S14.

  75. Hendley JO. Otitis media. N Engl J Med 2002;347: 1171.

  76. Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents En: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1143-1170.




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