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2014, Número 1

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Ortho-tips 2014; 10 (1)


Síndrome del túnel del carpo

López AL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 34-45
Archivo PDF: 232.29 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome del túnel del carpo se produce por el aumento de la presión sobre el nervio mediano a nivel de la muñeca. Ello genera estasis venosa y aumento en la permeabilidad vascular, seguida de edema y fibrosis en el nervio, continuando la degeneración de la vaina de mielina hasta presentarse la interrupción de la conducción nerviosa. Este síndrome es de causas variables y se presenta con más frecuencia en personas de raza blanca, con una edad promedio de 53 años; tiene una relación de 3 a 10 mujeres por cada hombre. Por cuestión laboral, las posturas prolongadas en condiciones extremas de flexión o extensión de la muñeca, el uso repetitivo de los músculos flexores y la exposición a las vibraciones son algunos de los factores de riesgo para su presentación. El diagnóstico es clínico, apoyado por estudios de conducción nerviosa, electromiografía y de imagen, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética. Para el síndrome del túnel del carpo existen diferentes tratamientos que van desde las férulas de reposo, el uso de medicamentos tomados y la infiltración con corticosteroides, hasta la cirugía, en la que se pueden utilizar la técnica convencional abierta o las técnicas endoscópicas para dar la apertura del retináculo flexor del carpo.


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