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2013, Número 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2013; 24 (3)


Identificación de las deformidades podálicas en personas con diabetes mellitus, una estrategia para prevenir amputaciones

Estévez PA, García GY, Licea PME, Alfonso FA, Álvarez DH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 297-313
Archivo PDF: 148.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de úlceras en personas con diabetes mellitus, es crucial para evitar las futuras amputaciones. Con este trabajo se propone abordar el impacto de las deformidades podálicas en personas con diabetes mellitus, con un enfoque rehabilitador.
Desarrollo: entre los principales factores de riesgo de pie diabético, se señalan la polineuropatía periférica y la enfermedad arterial periférica. Las deformidades podálicas son más frecuentes en la población diabética, y se asocian a un riesgo aumentado de ulceración y amputación, si no son identificadas y tratadas correctamente en estadios tempranos. En estas personas se produce una transferencia de descarga a zonas anómalas con presiones plantares elevadas, lo que, unido al adelgazamiento de la almohadilla grasa plantar, provoca formación de hiperqueratosidad y la base de una futura úlcera. Los Servicios de Rehabilitación Integral en la comunidad constituyen un escenario importante en la identificación y tratamiento de estas deformidades, y así previenen el desarrollo de las temidas úlceras por pie diabético. Los beneficios que pueden obtenerse desde la rehabilitación son poco conocidos; sin embargo, ofrecen una alternativa integral con intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas.
Conclusiones: las deformidades podálicas constituyen un factor de riesgo de úlceras y amputación en personas con diabetes mellitus. La rehabilitación integral de estas deformidades podálicas puede reducir significativamente la incidencia de úlceras y amputaciones de los miembros inferiores.


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