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2013, Número 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2013; 24 (3)


Interferón alfa y diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Cruz RA, Rodríguez MY, Bello RI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 87
Paginas: 279-296
Archivo PDF: 395.01 Kb.


RESUMEN

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por la destrucción de las células β pancreáticas debido a una respuesta autoinmune específica contra estas células, determinada por la interacción entre la susceptibilidad genética y factores ambientales no bien definidos. El interferón alfa juega un importante papel como mediador de la respuesta inmune innata y adaptativa del organismo, y se ha observado en estrecha relación con la infección por virus y la iniciación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. La aparición de autoanticuerpos naturales contra el interferón alfa ha sido objeto de atención por la comunidad científica internacional en las últimas décadas, y es un evento que se describe en aproximadamente el 10 % de los pacientes que presentan enfermedades de tipo autoinmune, entre las cuales se incluye la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Sin embargo es muy limitada la información sobre su frecuencia, especificidad, inmunorreactividad y rol fisiopatológico en general. Este artículo describe evidencias recientes sobre las características de los autoanticuerpos antiinterferón alfa, y propone un acercamiento al conocimiento de su posible papel fisiopatológico en el desarrollo de las enfermedades de tipo autoinmune. Además, se discuten las bases moleculares de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1, y en especial, la asociación entre esta y las infecciones virales, que pueden desencadenar una respuesta local importante de producción de interferón alfa.


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