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2013, Número 4

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Biotecnol Apl 2013; 30 (4)


Compuestos inorgánicos como adyuvantes de vacunas

Paneque-Quevedo AA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 92
Paginas: 243-249
Archivo PDF: 368.39 Kb.


RESUMEN

La propiedad adyuvante de los minerales fue descubierta en 1926, al observarse que una suspensión de toxoide diftérico precipitado con sulfato doble de aluminio y potasio proveía de una inmunogenicidad notablemente superior al toxoide sin adyuvante. Desde entonces se han evaluado numerosas sales inorgánicas como adyuvantes de vacunas y las únicas aprobadas para su uso en seres humanos son la alúmina, el fosfato e hidróxido de aluminio y el sulfato de hidroxifosfato de aluminio. El fosfato de calcio se ha utilizado en algunas vacunas europeas. Las propiedades adyuvantes de las sales inorgánicas son muy dependientes del proceso de obtención e inciden sobre los efectos depósito y presentador atribuidos a estas. La no observancia de ello ha conducido al rechazo de muchas sales con mejores propiedades adyuvantes que las tradicionales sales de aluminio. La aplicación de los últimos avances de la nanotecnología y la alternativa de combinar adyuvantes han motivado la síntesis y evaluación de nuevos adyuvantes. En esta revisión se describen los adyuvantes inorgánicos citados con mayor frecuencia y sus potencialidades para el desarrollo de vacunas más eficaces que las que poseen sales de aluminio como adyuvantes.


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