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2013, Número 2

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Biotecnol Apl 2013; 30 (2)


Factores que intervienen en el diseño de sistemas de liberación nasal de péptidos y proteínas

Muñoz-Cernada A, Fernández-Cervera M, García-Rodríguez JC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 126
Paginas: 79-96
Archivo PDF: 225.19 Kb.


RESUMEN

La vía nasal es una de las rutas más prometedoras para la administración efectiva de péptidos y proteínas hacia el sistema nervioso central, por la permeabilidad de la mucosa nasal. Sin embargo, estas macromoléculas tienen características como el peso molecular, el rápido aclaramiento mucociliar y la degradación enzimática que limitan su biodisponibilidad. Este trabajo resume de forma crítica los factores que intervienen en el diseño de sistemas de liberación nasal de péptidos y proteínas. Se exponen propiedades físico-químicas de las biomoléculas y del diseño de la formulación que influyen en su biodisponibilidad y estabilidad. Se presenta un análisis de la influencia de algunos excipientes que actúan como estabilizantes, preservativos antimicrobianos, promotores de la absorción y polímeros bioadhesivos, así como el dispositivo de administración. La administración intranasal de moléculas involucradas en la neuroprotección endógena es una propuesta reciente en el desarrollo de nuevos neurofármacos. Los factores neurotróficos, el interferón β-1b, la rH-EPO, la Neuro-EPO y la insulina son algunos de los productos biotecnológicos que se administran por esa vía, y suelen poseer elevada potencialidad neuroprotectora durante las fases aguda y crónica de las enfermedades neurológicas.


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