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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2013, Número 3

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Arch Neurocien 2013; 18 (3)


Neurotoxicidad durante el desarrollo inducida por sustancia químicas ambientales

Gómez-Chavarín M, Martínez-Guerra JC, Esquivel-Franco DC, Báez-Saldaña A, Gutiérrez-Ospina G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 154-160
Archivo PDF: 88.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

La neurotoxicidad que ocurre durante el desarrollo fetal y posnatal constituye uno de los efectos más nocivos para la descendencia, es el resultado de la exposición de la madre a agentes neurotóxicos. Para ejercer su efecto, las neurotoxinas o sus metabolitos deben cruzar la placenta y barrera hematoencefálica. En experimentos con animales, la exposición a neurotoxinas durante los periodos críticos del desarrollo cerebral induce alteraciones funcionales permanentes en el sistema nervioso central. Aunque existen modelos animales adecuados, sólo han sido estudiados pocos productos neurotóxicos. Esto es debido a que las pruebas de neurotoxicidad no son requeridas por las autoridades para su clasificación, y además que la evidencia epidemiológica es muy limitada, aunque se han observado graves efectos irreversibles en humanos después de la exposición fetal a alguna neurotoxina conocida. El gran número de productos químicos potencialmente neurotóxicos para los seres humanos en desarrollo hace hincapié en la importancia de generar datos de la cinética de estas sustancias. Por esto, es necesario obtener información de su capacidad para atravesar la placenta y barrera hematoencefálica en el desarrollo; así como la forma en que se acumulan y metabolizan en la placenta y el feto. Estudios sobre la cinética son esenciales para evaluar con bases científicas los riesgos de su uso.


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