medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2013, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Arch Neurocien 2013; 18 (2)


Epilepsia en el embarazo

Bistre-Tajfed M, Vázquez-Alfaro R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 72
Paginas: 82-91
Archivo PDF: 132.95 Kb.


RESUMEN

En la mujer embarazada la epilepsia se considera como el trastorno neurológico de mayor frecuencia, llegando a afectar hasta el 1% de las mujeres en edad fértil, y siendo esta enfermedad un factor que contribuye de manera significativa la morbilidad materna y perinatal. Es necesario dar un adecuado manejo desde la etapa de la preconcepción hasta lactancia para reducir estos riesgos; desde la elección de un método anticonceptivo que no reduzca su eficacia por el padecimiento o su tratamiento, la modificación del régimen terapéutico previo al embarazo para disminuir el riesgo de malformaciones congénitas o trastornos en el desarrollo cognitivo. Otras consideraciones de gran importancia incluyen el diagnóstico prenatal de malformaciones fetales, el empleo de ácido fólico y vitamina K, y el asesoramiento en la lactancia.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Vélez L C. Epidemiología de la epilepsia en niños. Epilepsia, progresos en el tratamiento. México: Centro de Comunicación Ciba. 1983.

  2. Figueroa AS. Aspectos psicosociales de la epilepsia. Arch Neurocien 2004;9(3):135-42.

  3. WHO, Factsheet 999, epilepsy, www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs999/en/index.html revisada el 1° de junio del 2010.

  4. Kaaja E, Kaaja R. Major malformations in the offspring of women with epilepsy. Neurol 2003; 60(4):375-579.

  5. Lorenzato R, Cavalli R, Duarte G, Sakamoto A, Mauad F, Nogueira A. Epilepsy and pregnancy: evolution and fetal outcome. RGBO 2002;24(8):521-6.

  6. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester Minnesota 1940-1980. Epilepsia 1991;32:429- 45.

  7. INEGI. Estadísticas a propósito del día internacional de la mujer, http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/ prensa/contenidos/estadisticas/2011/mujer11.asp?s= inegi&c=2784&ep=53. Revisada en 03 de abril del 2102

  8. Artama M, Isojärvi JIT, Raitanen J. Birth rate among patients with epilepsy: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:1057-63.

  9. Schachter SC, Schomer DL. The comprehensive evaluation and treatment of epilepsy.San Diego, CA: AcademicPress; 1997:207-32.

  10. Walker SP, Permezel M, BerkovicSF.The management of epilepsy in pregnancy. BJOG 2009;116:758-67.

  11. Isojarvi J. Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy: antiepileptic drug related mechanisms. Seizure 2008;17: 111-9.

  12. Artama M, Isojarvi JIT, Auvinen A. Antiepileptic drug use and birth rate in patients with epilepsy - a population-based cohort study in Finland. Hum Reprod 2006;21:2290-5.

  13. Nájera DC, Gutiérrez AM. Epilepsia en la mujer, por qué es especial. Acta Neurol Colomb 2005;21:7-11.

  14. Schwenkhagen AM, Stodieck SRG. Which contraception for women with epilepsy. Seizure 2008;17(2):145-50.

  15. O’Brien MD, Guillebaud J. Contraception for woman with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006;57(9):1419-22.

  16. Guberman A. Hormonal contraception and epilepsy. Neurol 1999;1:538-40.

  17. Serrano PJ, Casado JL, Mercadé JM, Altuzara A. Guía terapéutica en epilepsia de la Sociedad Andaluza de Epilepsia 2005: Tratamiento antiepiléptico en situaciones especiales. Rev Neurol 2005;40(11):683-95.

  18. De la Peña P. Anticoncepción y epilepsia. En: Forcades MI. Epilepsia y mujer. 2° ed. Madrid: Harcourt;2002.

  19. Herzog AG, Farina EL, Blum AS. Serum valproate levels with oral contraceptive use. Epilepsia 2005;46(6):970-1.

  20. Crawford P. Best practice guidelines for the managment of women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005;46(9):117-24.

  21. Vajda FJE, Hitchcock A, Graham J, O’Brien T, Lander C, Eadie M. Seizure control in antiepileptic drug-treated pregnancy. Epilepsia 2008;49:172-5.

  22. Serrano PJ, Casado JL, Mercadé JM, Altuzara A. Guía terapéutica en epilepsia de la sociedad Andaluza de Epilepsia 2005: Tratamiento antiepiléptico en situaciones especiales. Rev Neurol 2005;40(11):683-95.

  23. Anónimo. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: management issues for women with epilepsy (summary statement). Neurol 1998;51:944-8.

  24. Chadwick D. The discontinuation of AED therapy. In Pedley TA, Meldrum BS eds: Recent advances in Epilepsy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1985:111-24.

  25. Kampman MT. Folate status in women of child-bearing age with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2007;75:52-6.

  26. Vajda FJE, Hitchcock A, Graham J. The australian register of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: the first 1002 pregnancies. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;47:468-74.

  27. The EURAP Study Group.Seizure controland treatment in pregnancy.Observations from the EURAP Epilepsy Pregnancy Registry. Neurology 2006;66:354-60.

  28. Schmidt D, Canger R. Change of seizure frequency in pregnant epileptic women. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:751-5.

  29. Vajda FJE. Treatment options for pregnant women with epilepsy. Expert OpinPharpamcother 2008;9(11):1859-68.

  30. LaJoie J, Moshe SL. Effects of seizures and their treatment on fetal brain. Epilepsia 2004;45(8):48-52.

  31. Meador K. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Cleve Clin J Med 2004;71(2):38-41.

  32. Gutiérrez AM, Ruíz AM. La embarazada con epilepsia: recomendaciones para su evaluación y manejo. Acta Neurol Colomb 2005;21(1):66-72

  33. Harden CL, Meador KJ, Penell PB. Practice parameter update: Management issues for women with epilepsy – Focus on pregnancy: Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes. Neurology 2009;73:133-41.

  34. Vélez A, Ortíz PA. Problemas de los hijos de madres con epilepsia. Acta Neurol Colomb 2005;21(1):73-81.

  35. Artama M, Auvinen A, Raudaskoski T, Isojar vi I, Isojarvi J. Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in the offspring. Neurology 2005;64:1874-8.

  36. Samren EB, van Dujin CM, Kock S. Maternal use of antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major congenital malformations: a joint European prospective study of human teratogenesis associated with maternal epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997;38(9):981-90.

  37. Jager-Roman E, Deichl A, Jacob S. Fetal growth major malformationsand minor abnormalities in infants born to woman receiving valproic acid. J Pediatr 1986;108:997-1004.

  38. Saiz-Díaz RA, Porta Etessam J, García Morales I. Epilepsia y embarazo. Neurología 2000;15:461.

  39. Martínez Ferri M. Malformaciones y lesiones fetales en las embarazadas epilépticas. En: ForcadesMI. Epilepsia y mujer. 2° ed. Madrid: Harcourt;2002.

  40. Lindhout D, Meinardi H, Meijer JWA. Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohor ts: changes in prescription policy paralleled by changes in pattern of malformations. Neurology 1992;42(5):94-110

  41. Keneko S, Otani T. Malinfants of mothers with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs. Neurology 1992;42(5):68-74.

  42. Hanson JW, Smith DW. The fetal hydantoin syndrome. J Pediatr 1975;87:285-90.

  43. Colmes L, Har vey E, Coull B. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. New England J Med 2001;344 (15):1132-8.

  44. Kozma C. Valproic acid embryopathy: report of two siblings with further expansion of the phenotypic anbnormalities and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet 2001;98:168-75.

  45. Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Hviid A. Newer generation antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major birth defects. JAMA 2011;305 (19):1996-2002.

  46. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. Embriología clínica. 8 ed. Barcelona: ELSEVIER; 2008.

  47. Gaily E, Kantola-Sorsa E, Hiilesmaa V. Normal inteligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine. Neurology 2004;62(1):8-9.

  48. Banach R, Boskovic R. Long-term developmental outcome of children of women with epilepsy, unexposed or exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Drug Saf 2010;33(1):73-9.

  49. Gaily E, Kantola-Sorsa E, Granström ML. Intelligence of children of epileptic mothers. J Pediatrics 1988;113:667- 84.

  50. Katz JM, Pacia S, Devinsky O. Current management of epilepsy and pregnancy: Fetal outcome, congenital malformations, and developmental delay. Epilepsy and Behavior 2001;2:119-23.

  51. Yerby MS. Management issues for women with epilepsy: neural tube defects and folic acid supplementation. Neurology 2003;61(2):S23-6.

  52. Pennel PB. Pregnancy in the women with epilepsy: maternal and fetal outcomes. Seminars in neurology 2002;22(3):299- 307.

  53. Pennel PB. Pregnancy in the women with epilepsy: maternal and fetal outcomes. Seminars in neurology 2002;22(3):299- 307.

  54. Pirie AM. Epilepsy in pregnancy. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2005;35:236-8.

  55. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/es/ Revisada en mayo 2012

  56. The EURAP Study Group.Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy. Neurology 2006;66:354-60.

  57. Bardy A. Epilepsy and pregnancy, a prospective study of 154 pregnancies in epileptic women. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki, 1982.

  58. Betts T, Crawford P. Women and epilepsy. London, UK: Martin Dunitz, 1998;27-8.

  59. Sabers A. Complications during pregnancy and delivery. In: TomsonT, Gram L, Sillanpaa M, et al, eds. Epilepsy and pregnancy. Chichester, UK. Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Ltd 1997;105-11.

  60. Yerby MS. Contraception, pregnancy and lactation in women with epilepsy. BaillieresClinNeurol1996;5:887-908.

  61. Harden CL, Hopp J, Ting TY. Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy SocietyTherapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American seizure frequency. Neurology 2009;73:126-32.

  62. Clarkson P, James A. Parenteral vitamin K: the effective prophylaxis against haemorrhagic disease for all newborn infants. N Z Med J1990;103:95-6.

  63. Harden CL, Pennell PB. Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus onpregnancy (an evidence-based review): III. Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breast-feeding. Epilepsia 2009;50(5):1247-55.

  64. Ito S, Moretti M, Liau M, Koren G. Initiation and duration of breastfeeding in women receiving antiepileptic drugs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:881-6.

  65. Fairgrieve SD, Jackson M, Jonas P. Population basedprospective study of the care of women with epilepsy inpregnancy. Br Med J 2000;321:674-5.

  66. Matheson I, Skjaeraasen J. Milk concentrations of flupenthixol, nortriptylineand zuclopenthixol and between breast differences in two patients. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;35:217- 20.

  67. Fleishaker JC, Desai N, McNamara PJ. Factors affecting the milk to plasma drug concentration ratio in lactating women: physical interactions with protein and fat. J Pharmacol Sci 1987;76:189-93.

  68. Liporace J, Kao A, D’Abreu A. Concerns regarding lamotrigine and breast-feeding. Epilepsy Behav 2004;5:102-5.

  69. Chen L, Liu F, Yoshida S. Is breast-feeding of infants advisable for epileptic mothers taking antiepileptic drugs? Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2010;64(5):460-8.

  70. Sabers A. Pharmacokinetic interactions between contraceptives and antiepileptic drugs. Seizure 2008;17:141-4.

  71. Eadie MJ. Antiepileptic drugs as human teratogens.Expert Opin.Drug Saf. 2008;7(2):195-209.

  72. Matalon S, Schechtman S, Goldzweig G, Ornoy A. The teratogenic effect of carbamazepine: a meta-analysis of 1255 exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2002;16(1):9-17.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com