Arias-Vázquez PI, Balam-De la Vega V, Sulub-Herrera A, Carrillo-Rubio JA, Ramírez-Meléndez A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 63-73
Archivo PDF: 289.82 Kb.

RESUMEN

En nuestro país las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad son las enfermedades que tienen como común denominador al proceso aterosclerótico, algunas de ellas representan a los conocidos factores de riesgo cardiovascular como la diabetes mellitus o la hipertensión arterial, y otras son consecuencia de éstos como la cardiopatía isquémica o la enfermedad vascular cerebral. En la actualidad existe la suficiente evidencia científica de que el ejercicio físico es un medio de tratamiento eficaz para el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular; sin embargo, su papel no ha recibido la importancia necesaria dentro de la prevención cardiovascular primaria. En el presente artículo realizamos una revisión de la evidencia actual sobre el papel del ejercicio como medio de tratamiento de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y abordamos la metodología para la prescripción del ejercicio con objetivos de salud cardiovascular.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Thomson P, Buchner D, Piña I et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003; 107: 3109-3116.

2. Fleg J, Piña I, Balady G et al. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research applications. Circulation. 2000; 102: 1591-1597.

3. Arena R, Myers J, Williams M. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation. 2007; 116: 329-343.

4. Vincent K, Vincent H. Resistance training for individuals with cardiovascular disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2006; 26: 207-216.

5. Berlin J, Cojditz G. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1990; 132(4): 612-628.

6. Williams P. Physical Fitness and activity as separate heart disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001; 33(5): 754-761.

7. Nocon M, Hiemann T, Thalau F et al. Association of Physical Activity with all – cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. 2008; 15(3): 239-246.

8. Hamer M, Chida Y. Active commuting and cardiovascular risk: meta-analytic review. Prev Med. 2008; 46(1): 9-13.

9. Noda H, Iso H, Toyoshima H et al. Walking and sport participation and mortality for coronary heart disease and Stroke. American Journal College Cardiology. 2005; 46(9): 1761-1767.

10. Kokkinos P, Myers J, Kokkinos JP et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in black and white men. Circulation 2008; 117: 614-622.

11. Ruiz JR, Sui X, Lobelo F et al. Association between muscular strength exercise and mortality in men. British Medical Journal. 2008; 337: a439.

12. Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 2518-2529.

13. Nathan D, Buse J, Davidson M et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(8): 1963-1972.

14. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000; 321: 405-412.

15. Thompson A, Church T, Janssen I et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of cancer mortality among men with pre diabetes and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31: 764-769.

16. Cornelissen VE, Fagard RH. Effects of endurance trainning on blood pressure, blood pressure regulatings mechanics and cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension. 2005; 46: 667-675.

17. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2000; 35: 838-843.

18. Cornelissen V, Fagard R. Effects of resistance trainning on resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Hypertension. 2005; 23(2): 251-259.

19. Williams M, Haskell W, Ades P et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007; 116: 572-584.

20. Kokkinos P, Manolis A, Myers J et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in hypertensive men with and without additional risk factors. Hypertension. 2009; 53: 494-499.

21. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Franklin B. Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in patients with cardiovascular disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 2006; 26: 131-139.

22. Kodama S, Tanaka S, Saito K et al. Effect of aerobic training exercise on serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol: meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007; 167: 999-1008.

23. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003817. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003817.pub3.

24. Lee C, Folsom A, Blair S. Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2475-2481.

25. Reimers CD, Knapp G, Reimers AK. Exercise as stroke prophylaxis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009; 106(44): 715-721.

26. Maron BJ, Gil Aráujo C, Thompson P, Fletcher G et al. Recommendations for preparticipations screeninig and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters atthetes. Circulation. 2001; 103: 327-334.

27. Thompsom PD, Balady G, Franklin B. Exercise and acute cardiovascular event. Circulation. 2007; 115: 2358-2368.

28. European society of hypertension - European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 2003; 21: 1011-1053.

29. Posición de Consenso: Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular, prevención y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico. Revista Mexicana de Cardiología. 2006; 17(1): 3-61.

30. Noonan V, Dean E. Submaximal exercise testing: clinical application and interpretation. Physical Therapy. 2000; 80: 782-807.

31. Gibbons R, Balady G, Fletcher G et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines 2002 Update for exercise testing. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1883-1892.

32. Aros F, Boraita A, Alegría E et al. Guías de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología en pruebas de esfuerzo. Revista Española de Cardiología. 2000; 53: 1063-1094.

33. Thomson P, Buchner D, Piña I et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003; 107: 3109-3116.

34. ATS Statement: Guidelines for the six minute walk test. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002; 166: 111-117.

35. Solway S, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, Thomas S. A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk test used in cardiorespiratory domain. Chest. 2001; 119: 256-270.

36. Hamilton D, Haennel R. Validity and Reliability of the six minute walk test in a cardiac rehabilitation population. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2000; 20: 156-164.

37. Pohl PS, Duncan PW, Perera S, Liu W et al. Influence of stroke-related impairments on performance in 6-minute walk test. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2002; 39(4): 1-6.

38. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158: 1384-1387.

39. Balady GJ, Fletcher GF, Chair V et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2001; 104: 1694-1740.

40. Bolognese M. Metodología y programación del entrenamiento aplicado a la estética corporal I. Grupo sobre entrenamiento 2010. www.sobreentrenamiento.com

41. Barale A. Guías alimentarias y apéndices. Grupo sobre entrenamiento 2010. www.sobreentrenamiento.com

42. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 37: 153-156.

43. Thompson P. Exercise prescription and proscription for patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005; 112: 2354-2363.

44. Womack L. Cardiac rehabilitation secondary prevention programs. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2003; 22: 135-160.

45. Metkus T, Baughman K, Thompson P. Exercise prescription and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2010; 121: 2601-2604.

46. Willian L, Haskell, I Min Lee, Pate RL et al. Physical activity and public health. Circulation. 2007; 116: 1081-1093.

47. Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high intensity interval training. Sports Medicine. 2002; 32(1): 53-73.

48. Mookerje S. The application of interval training for exercise prescription in cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1998; 18(3): 233-235.

49. Moyano M. Metodología y programación del entrenamiento de la fuerza con orientación al incremento de masa muscular. Grupo sobre entrenamiento 2010. www.sobreentrenamiento.com

50. Fritz Zintl. Entrenamiento de la resistencia: fundamentos, métodos y dirección del entrenamiento. Barcelona, España: Editorial Roca; 1990.