2013, Número 4
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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2013; 58 (4)
Escisión total del mesorrecto: ¿es el abordaje laparoscópico el nuevo estándar de oro?
Molina-López JF, Belmonte MC
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 260-266
Archivo PDF: 247.44 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: El presente trabajo es una revisión de la situación actual del abordaje laparoscópico versus abordaje convencional en el manejo de cáncer de recto.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases electrónicas (PubMed, biblioteca de Cochrane, MD Consult) hasta mayo de 2013. Se incluyeron los metaanálisis y las revisiones sistemáticas más importantes de los últimos seis años.
Resultados: En total, tres metaanálisis recientes y una revisión extensa de Cochrane fueron revisados. La cirugía laparoscópica mostró superioridad sobre el abordaje abierto cuando se analizó por sangrado transoperatorio, menor número de unidades sanguíneas transfundidas, reinicio temprano de la vía oral y menor tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria. No se encontró diferencia entre ambos grupos cuando se comparó por resultados oncológicos como: tasa de recurrencia local, número de ganglios linfáticos incluidos, morbilidad y mortalidad perioperatoria. Los seguimientos de supervivencia más largos corresponden a pocos ensayos clínicos con un número pequeño de pacientes o estudios prospectivos no aleatorizados con datos inconsistentes.
Conclusión: La escisión total de mesorrecto por laparoscopia ha demostrado tener mejores resultados en su estancia perioperatoria y al menos resultados oncológicos comparables con la cirugía abierta. Aún no existe evidencia suficiente para evaluar la supervivencia a largo plazo.
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