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2013, Número 4

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Rev Mex Anest 2013; 36 (4)


La función mitocondrial y la cardioprotección

Luna-Ortiz P, El-hafidi M, Martínez-Rosas M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 294-305
Archivo PDF: 290.41 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las mitocondrias son organelos celulares que juegan un importante papel en la producción de energía. Además de esta función central, las mitocondrias están íntimamente involucradas en los procesos de necrosis y apoptosis que ocurren después de la reperfusión miocárdica. Por su participación en la muerte celular en el daño isquémico, las mitocondrias pueden considerarse como blancos terapéuticos potenciales en las estrategias de cardioprotección. En esta revisión se consideran varios aspectos de la función mitocondrial que constituyen posibles blancos para la protección miocárdica. Uno de estos elementos potenciales son los canales iónicos mitocondriales del corazón, en particular los canales de K+ dependientes del trifosfato de adenosina que median la protección miocárdica por el preacondicionamiento de isquemia. Otro elemento más es la modulación del transporte de Ca2+ mitocondrial mediante fármacos que producen finalmente cardioprotección. El poro de transición de la permeabilidad de la membrana mitocondrial es otro de los elementos que participa en la muerte celular al activarse y puede ser inhibido con ciertos fármacos. Finalmente, el aporte mejorado de sustratos a la mitocondria es otra estrategia de cardioprotección. Todos estos procesos protectores son activados por rutas de señalización en las células cardíacas, las cuales convergen en la mitocondria; estas rutas pueden ser estimuladas por fármacos como los anestésicos que, como se sabe, presentan efectos cardioprotectores. Actualmente se tiene la certeza de que el mejor entendimiento de los aspectos de la función mitocondrial pueden llevar a desarrollar mejores estrategias de protección miocárdica en el futuro.


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