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2013, Número S2

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Rev Mex Anest 2013; 36 (S2)


Profilaxis y tratamiento de la náusea y vómito postoperatorios

Oriol-López SA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 363-374
Archivo PDF: 250.90 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Las náuseas y el vómito postoperatorios (NVPO) son un problema frecuente (tanto para el paciente como para el médico), se asocia a la administración de anestesia, sedación y la cirugía, a su vez se relaciona con insatisfacción del paciente, retraso del alta hospitalaria y admisiones no planeadas, estimándose su incidencia en un 25-30% de los pacientes; en sujetos de alto riesgo alcanza hasta el 60-80% durante las primeras 24 horas. Aunque las NVPO se autolimitan, pueden llevar a la deshidratación, desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico, broncoaspiración (que puede desencadenar una neumonía o neumonitis), ruptura del esófago (síndrome de Boerhaave), síndrome de Mallory-Weiss, hemorragia digestiva y aumento de la presión intracraneal, o bien las complicaciones postquirúrgicas tales como dolor en la incisión, formación de hematomas, dehiscencia de suturas, ruptura esofágica y neumotórax bilateral, todo esto postergando la salida de las Unidades de Cuidados Postanestésicos (UCPA).


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