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2013, Número 5

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Salud Mental 2013; 36 (5)


Frecuencia de autolesiones y características clínicas asociadas en adolescentes que acudieron a un hospital psiquiátrico infantil

Ulloa FRS, Contreras HC, Paniagua NK, Victoria FG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 27
Paginas: 417-420
Archivo PDF: 210.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción:Aunque los estudios de autolesiones en adolescentes han señalado a la psicopatología como un factor de riesgo, existe poca información del fenómeno en población clínica en México.
Método:El presente estudio examinó las características demográficas y clínicas, así como los tipos, frecuencia y motivos para autolesionarse de 556 adolescentes que acudieron a un hospital psiquiátrico infantil de 2005 a 2011 por medio de la revisión de su expediente.
Resultados:Dentro de las características que se encontraron con mayor frecuencia fueron el sexo femenino, el nivel socioeconómico bajo, la violencia intrafamiliar y el antecedente de abuso sexual. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron los trastornos afectivos, los trastornos de conducta y el abuso de sustancias. El corte fue el método más empleado y los principales motivos para autolesionarse incluían la baja tolerancia a la frustración, el llamar la atención de otros, los síntomas afectivos y ansiosos. Se observó un incremento de casos a lo largo del tiempo, en particular aquellos asociados a trastornos afectivos y abuso de sustancias.
Conclusiones:Las autolesiones en adolescentes con psicopatología se han incrementado y están frecuentemente asociadas a trastornos depresivos y de conducta. Es importante determinar la presencia de autolesiones durante la evaluación inicial de estos pacientes.


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