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2013, Número 5

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Cir Cir 2013; 81 (5)


Restricción calórica: efectos metabólicos positivos e impacto celular

Ortiz-Bautista RJ, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Monroy-Guzmán A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 459-464
Archivo PDF: 357.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

La restricción calórica de 30 a 60% de la ingestión calórica ad libitum, equilibrada y sin llegar a la malnutrición, es la estrategia no genética que ha logrado extender el promedio y el periodo máximo de vida de diversos organismos, desde microorganismos unicelulares como la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hasta primates Rhesus. Modelos genéticos y farmacológicos han mostrado que esta estrategia protege de enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurodegeneración y cáncer. Los estudios efectuados en primates sugieren que la restricción calórica retrasa la aparición de enfermedades asociadas con el envejecimiento, y en humanos implica efectos fisiológicos, bioquímicos y metabólicos que disminuyen los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. Aunque en la actualidad se desconocen los mecanismos que generan los efectos positivos, a nivel celular se ha descrito disminución del estrés oxidativo, e incremento de la biogénesis mitocondrial.


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