medigraphic.com
ISSN 2594-1526 (Digital)
ISSN 0028-3746 (Impreso)
Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

 Ver anteriores al 2010

2013, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Neumol Cir Torax 2013; 72 (3)


Mujeres y el cáncer de pulmón

Mora-Moreno AK, Barrera-Rodríguez R, Morales-Fuentes J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 107
Paginas: 229-240
Archivo PDF: 301.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo y su incidencia continúa aumentando, por lo que es probable continúe como un problema de salud en años venideros. Sin embargo, los avances recientes en la biología de tumores muestran claras evidencias de que en las mujeres los tumores de pulmón son diferentes a los del hombre. Las mujeres son más propensas a presentar adenocarcinoma, tienden a recibir diagnóstico a una edad más temprana y con mayor frecuencia se diagnostican con enfermedad localizada. También pueden estar más predispuestas a aberraciones moleculares resultantes de los efectos cancerígenos del tabaco. Además, existen diferencias genómicas, hormonales y agentes infecciosos que pueden ser responsables de las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. Estas diferencias parecen tener un impacto directo en el comportamiento clínico y de la respuesta al tratamiento. Así, el aumento del conocimiento de las diferencias de sexo en el cáncer de pulmón nos permitirá encontrar diferentes subgrupos susceptibles o con mejor respuesta al tratamiento.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2137-2150.

  2. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108.

  3. Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/populations/factsheet.asp?uno=900

  4. Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008. Summary. In: http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/lung.asp

  5. American Society for Cancer. Cancer facts & figures for hispanics/latinos 2009-2011. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@nho/documents/document/ffhispanicslatinos20092011.pdf

  6. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Contemporary lung cancer trends among U.S. women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:582-585.

  7. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Age-standardized incidence rates, four-digit rubrics, and age-standardized and cumulative incidence rates, three-digit rubrics. IARC Sci Publ 1992;120:871-1011.

  8. Vincent RG, Pickren JW, Lane WW, et al. The changing histopathology of lung cancer: a review of 1682 cases. Cancer 1977;39:1647-1655.

  9. Gabrielson E. Worldwide trends in lung cancer pathology. Respirology 2006;11:533-538.

  10. Fu JB, Kau TY, Severson RK, Kalemkerian GP. Lung cancer in women: analysis of the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Chest 2005;127:768-777.

  11. Olak J, Colson Y. Gender differences in lung cancer: have we really come a long way, baby? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:346-351.

  12. Brambilla E. The histologic reclassification of adenocarcinoma of the lung: implications for diagnosis and therapy. American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2011 Educational Book: 279-284. Available from: http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/sites/meetinglibrary.asco.org/files/Educational%20Book/PDF%20Files/2011/zds00111000279.pdf

  13. Medina FM, Barrera RR, Morales JF, Echegoyen RC, Chavarría JG, Rebora FT. Primary lung cancer in Mexico city: a report of 1019 cases. Lung Cancer 1996;14:185-193.

  14. Zatloukal P, Kubík A, Pauk N, Tomásek L, Petruzelka L. Adenocarcinoma of the lung among women: risk associated with smoking, prior lung disease, diet and menstrual and pregnancy history. Lung Cancer 2003;41:283-293.

  15. Albain KS, Unger J, Gotay CC, et al. For the Southwest Oncology Group Lung Committee. Toxicity and survival by sex in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) on modern Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trials. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:7549.

  16. Schiller JH, Harrington D, Belani CP, et al. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;346:92-98.

  17. Wakelee HA, Wang W, Schiller JH, et al. for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Survival differences by sex for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial 1594. J Thorac Oncol 2006;1:441-446.

  18. Ferguson MK, Wang J, Hoffman PC, et al. Sex-associated differences in survival of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:245-249.

  19. Alexiou C, Onyeaka CV, Beggs D, et al. Do women live longer following lung resection for carcinoma? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;21:319-325.

  20. Sasco AJ, Secretan MB, Straif K. Tobacco smoking and cancer: a brief review of recent epidemiological evidence. Lung Cancer 2004;45 Suppl 2:S3-S9.

  21. Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers--a different disease. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:778-790.

  22. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators, Henschke CI, Yip R, Miettinen OS. Women’s susceptibility to tobacco carcinogens and survival after diagnosis of lung cancer. JAMA 2006;296:180-184.

  23. Gazdar AF, Thun MJ. Lung cancer, smoke exposure, and sex. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:469-471.

  24. Subramanian J, Govindan R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:561-570.

  25. Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Calle EE. Tobacco use and cancer: an epidemiologic perspective for geneticists. Oncogene 2002;21:7307-7325.

  26. Couraud S, Zalcman G, Milleron B, Morin F, Souquet PJ. Lung cancer in never smokers--a review. Eur J Cancer 2012;48:1299-1311.

  27. Kabat GC, Heo M, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Scaling of weight for height in relation to risk of cancer at different sites in a cohort of Canadian women. Am J Epidemiol 2013;177:93-101.

  28. Smith L, Brinton LA, Spitz MR, et al. Body mass index and risk of lung cancer among never, former, and current smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:778-789.

  29. Renehan AG, Leitzmann MF, Zwahlen M. Re: body mass index and risk of lung cancer among never, former, and current smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:1680-1681.

  30. Kuri-Morales PA, González-Roldán JF, Hoy MJ, Cortés-Ramírez M. Epidemiology of tobacco use in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2006;48 Suppl 1:S91-S98.

  31. Wardwell NR, Massion PP. Novel strategies for the early detection and prevention of lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2005;32:259-268.

  32. Alberg AJ, Ford JG, Samet JM; American College of Chest Physicians. Epidemiology of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest 2007;132 Suppl 3:S29-S55.

  33. Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Pharmacol Rev 2005;57:79-115.

  34. Tsuchiya Y, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of estrogens and its regulation in human. Cancer Lett 2005; 227:115-124.

  35. Higashi E, Fukami T, Itoh M, et al. Human CYP2A6 is induced by estrogen via estrogen receptor. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35: 1935-1941.

  36. Hemminki K, Koskinen M, Rajaniemi H, Zhao C. Dna adducts, mutations, and cancer 2000. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2000;32:264-275.

  37. Rom WN, Tchou-Wong KM. Molecular and genetic aspects of lung cancer. Methods Mol Med 2003;75:3-26.

  38. Cheng YW, Hsieh LL, Lin PP, et al. Gender difference in DNA adduct levels among nonsmoking lung cancer patients. Environ Mol Mutagen 2001;37:304-310.

  39. Mollerup S, Berge G, Baera R, et al. Sex differences in risk of lung cancer: Expression of genes in the PAH bioactivation pathway in relation to smoking and bulky DNA adducts. Int J Cancer 2006;119:741-744.

  40. Larsen JE, Colosimo ML, Yang IA, Bowman R, Zimmerman PV, Fong KM. Risk of non-small cell lung cancer and the cytochrome P4501A1 Ile462Val polymorphism. Cancer Causes Control 2005;16:579-585.

  41. Uppstad H, Osnes GH, Cole KJ, Phillips DH, Haugen A, Mollerup S. Sex differences in susceptibility to PAHs is an intrinsic property of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Lung Cancer 2011;71:264-270.

  42. Dally H, Edler L, Jäger B, et al. The CYP3A4*1B allele increases risk for small cell lung cancer: effect of gender and smoking dose. Pharmacogenetics 2003;13:607-618.

  43. Gresner P, Gromadzinska J, Wasowicz W. Polymorphism of selected enzymes involved in detoxification and biotransformation in relation to lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007;57:1-25.

  44. Dresler CM, Fratelli C, Babb J, Everley L, Evans AA, Clapper ML. Gender differences in genetic susceptibility for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2000;30:153-160.

  45. Tang DL, Rundle A, Warburton D, et al. Associations between both genetic and environmental biomarkers and lung cancer: evidence of a greater risk of lung cancer in women smokers. Carcinogenesis 1998;19:1949-1953.

  46. Zhan P, Wang Q, Qian Q, Wei SZ, Yu LK. CYP1A1 MspI and exon7 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2011;30:99.

  47. Wang H, Jin G, Wang H, et al. Genetic susceptibility of lung cancer associated with common variants in the 3’ untranslated regions of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCC1 candidate transporter genes for carcinogen export. Cancer 2009;115:595-607.

  48. Vilmar A, Sørensen JB. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) in platinum-based treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with special emphasis on carboplatin: a review of current literature. Lung Cancer 2009;64:131-139.

  49. Su C, Zhou S, Zhang L, et al. ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 mRNA expression levels and clinical outcome of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2011;28:1411-1417.

  50. Olaussen KA, Dunant A, Fouret P, et al. IALT Bio Investigators. DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006;355:983-991.

  51. Lord RV, Brabender J, Gandara D, et al. Low ERCC1 expression correlates with prolonged survival after cisplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2286-2291.

  52. Ceppi P, Volante M, Novello S, et al. ERCC1 and RRM1 gene expressions but not EGFR are predictive of shorter survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine. Ann Oncol 2006;17: 1818-1825.

  53. Zhou W, Gurubhagavatula S, Liu G, et al. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 polymorphism predicts overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:4939-4943.

  54. Holm B, Mellemgaard A, Skov T, Skov BG. Different impact of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 on survival in male and female patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4254-4259.

  55. Ren S, Zhou S, Wu F, et al. Association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2012;75:102-109.

  56. Yin Z, Zhou B, He Q, et al. Association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and survival of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2009;9:439.

  57. Kiyohara C, Takayama K, Nakanishi Y. Lung cancer risk and genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair pathways: a meta-analysis. J Nucleic Acids 2010;2010:701760.

  58. Zhan P, Wang Q, Wei SZ, et al. ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis involving 22 case-control studies. J Thorac Oncol 2010;5:1337-1345.

  59. Yin Z, Ma R, Cui Z, Li M, He Q, Zhou B. Association of genetic polymorphism in the DNA repair gene XPD with risk of lung cancer in nonsmoking females. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2006;9:492-496.

  60. Tibaldi C, Giovannetti E, Vasile E, et al. Correlation of CDA, ERCC1, and XPD polymorphisms with response and survival in gemcitabine/cisplatin-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:1797-1803.

  61. Qian B, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Yu H, Chen K. Association of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes with non-small cell lung cancer risk. Lung Cancer 2011;73:138-146.

  62. Kiyohara C, Yoshimasu K. Genetic polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Med Sci 2007;4:59-71.

  63. Dong S, Guo AL, Chen ZH, et al. RRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism -37C-->A correlates with progression-free survival in NSCLC patients after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2010;3:10.

  64. Tibaldi C, Giovannetti E, Tiseo M, et al. Correlation of cytidine deaminase polymorphisms and activity with clinical outcome in gemcitabine-/platinum-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2012;23:670-677.

  65. Liu L, Yuan P, Wu C, et al. Assessment of XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC1 T-77C polymorphisms in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2011;73:110-115.

  66. Sreeja L, Syamala VS, Syamala V, et al. Prognostic importance of DNA repair gene polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln in lung cancer patients from India. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:645-652.

  67. Kiyohara C, Takayama K, Nakanishi Y. Association of genetic polymorphisms in the base excision repair pathway with lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2006;54:267-283.

  68. Stabile LP, Davis AL, Gubish CT, et al. Human non-small cell lung tumors and cells derived from normal lung express both estrogen receptor alpha and beta and show biological responses to estrogen. Cancer Res 2002; 62:2141-2150.

  69. Brinton LA, Gierach GL, Andaya A, et al. Reproductive and hormonal actors and lung cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20:900-911.

  70. Ganti AK, Sahmoun AE, Panwalkar AW, Tendulkar KK, Potti A. Hormone replacement therapy is associated with decreased survival in women with lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:59-63.

  71. Kabat GC, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer in women: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2007;120:2214-2220.

  72. Schwartz AG, Wenzlaff AS, Prysak GM, et al. Reproductive factors, hormone use, estrogen receptor expression and risk of non small-cell lung cancer in women. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5785-5792.

  73. Kawai H, Ishii A, Washiya K, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha and beta are prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:5084-5089.

  74. Schwartz AG, Prysak GM, Murphy V, et al. Nuclear estrogen receptor beta in lung cancer: expression and survival differences by sex. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:7280-7287.

  75. Wu CT, Chang YL, Shih JY, Lee YC. The significance of estrogen receptor beta in 301 surgically treated non-small cell lung cancers. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130:979-986.

  76. Stabile LP, Dacic S, Land SR, et al. Combined analysis of estrogen receptor beta-1 and progesterone receptor expression identifies lung cancer patients with poor outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:154-164.

  77. Verma MK, Miki Y, Sasano H. Aromatase in human lung carcinoma. Steroids 2011;76:759-764.

  78. Taioli E, Wynder EL. Re: Endocrine factors and adenocarcinoma of the lung in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:869-870.

  79. Zang EA, Wynder EL. Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:183-192.

  80. Larsen JE, Minna JD. Molecular biology of lung cancer: clinical implications. Clin Chest Med 2011;32:703-740.

  81. Campling BG, el-Deiry WS. Clinical implications of p53 mutations in lung cancer. Methods Mol Med 2003;75:53-77.

  82. Toyooka S, Tsuda T, Gazdar AF. The TP53 gene, tobacco exposure, and lung cancer. Hum Mutat 2003;21:229-239.

  83. Anna L, Holmila R, Kovács K, et al. Relationship between TP53 tumour suppressor gene mutations and smoking-related bulky DNA adducts in a lung cancer study population from Hungary. Mutagenesis 2009;24:475-480.

  84. Ciardiello F, De Vita F, Orditura M, Tortora G. The role of EGFR inhibitors in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2004;16:130-135.

  85. Herbst RS, Heymach JV, Lippman SM. Lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1367-1380.

  86. Sequist LV, Lynch TJ. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer: an evolving story. Annu Rev Med 2008;59:429-442.

  87. Matsuo K, Ito H, Yatabe Y, et al. Risk factors differ for non-small-cell lung cancers with and without EGFR mutation: assessment of smoking and sex by a case-control study in Japanese. Cancer Sci 2007;98:96-101.

  88. Li C, Sun Y, Fang R, et al. Lung adenocarcinomas with HER2-activating mutations are associated with distinct clinical features and HER2/EGFR copy number gains. J Thorac Oncol 2012;7:85-89.

  89. Soung YH, Lee JW, Kim SY, et al. Somatic mutations of the ERBB4 kinase domain in human cancers. Int J Cancer 2006;118:1426-1429.

  90. Riely GJ, Marks J, Pao W. KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2009;6:201-205.

  91. D’Arcangelo M, Cappuzzo, F. K-Ras Mutations in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Value. ISRN Molecular Biology 2012; (2012). ID 837306, doi:10.5402/2012/837306.

  92. Shriver SP, Bourdeau HA, Gubish CT, et al. Sex-specific expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: relationship to smoking history and risk of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:24-33.

  93. Crystal AS, Shaw AT. New targets in advanced NSCLC: EML4-ALK. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2011;9:207-214.

  94. Marchetti A, Felicioni L, Malatesta S, et al. Clinical features and outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring BRAF mutations. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3574-3579.

  95. Aguayo F, Castillo A, Koriyama C, et al. Human papillomavirus-16 is integrated in lung carcinomas: a study in Chile. Br J Cancer 2007;97:85-91.

  96. Cheng YW, Wu MF, Wang J, et al. Human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 oncoprotein is expressed in lung cancer and related with p53 inactivation. Cancer Res 2007;67:10686-10693.

  97. Planchard D, Loriot Y, Goubar A, Commo F, Soria JC. Differential expression of biomarkers in men and women. Semin Oncol 2009;36:553-565.

  98. Chen YC, Chen JH, Richard K, Chen PY, Christiani DC. Lung adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection. Cancer 2004;101:1428-1436.

  99. Yousem SA, Ohori NP, Sonmez-Alpan E. Occurrence of human papillomavirus DNA in primary lung neoplasms. Cancer 1992;69:693-697.

  100. Kuang PP, Kong XJ. Lung cancer in Asian women. N A J Med Sci 2009;2:69-73.

  101. Nair HB, Luthra R, Kirma N, et al. Induction of aromatase expression in cervical carcinomas: effects of endogenous estrogen on cervical cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2005;65:11164-11173.

  102. Prabhu PR, Jayalekshmi D, Pillai MR. Lung Cancer and Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs): Examining the molecular evidence. J Oncol 2012;2012:750270.

  103. Li YJ, Tsai YC, Chen YC, Christiani DC. Human papilloma virus and female lung adenocarcinoma. Semin Oncol 2009;36:542-552.

  104. Thomas L, Doyle LA, Edelman MJ. Lung cancer in women: emerging differences in epidemiology, biology, and therapy. Chest 2005;128:370-381.

  105. Rezazadeh A, Laber DA, Ghim SJ, Jenson AB, Kloecker G. The role of human papilloma virus in lung cancer: a review of the evidence. Am J Med Sci 2009;338:64-67.

  106. Zapata-Benavides P, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zamora-Avila D, et al. Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast cancer samples of Mexican women. Intervirology 2007;50:402-407.

  107. Trejo-Avila LM, Zapata-Benavides P, Barrera-Rodríguez R, et al. Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences are present in lung patient specimens. Virology J 2011;8:451.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com