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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2013, Número 5

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Med Int Mex 2013; 29 (5)


Periodontitis crónica: ¿un factor de riesgo cardiovascular?

Fonseca-Reyes S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 495-503
Archivo PDF: 233.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

La periodontitis es una familia de enfermedades que afectan las estructuras de apoyo del diente ocasionada por infecciones sostenidas por patógenos periodontales: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerela forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, que destruyen los tejidos blandos y duros, la movilidad dental y, con el tiempo, causan la pérdida de piezas dentales. La evidencia proveniente de estudios epidemiológicos observacionales sugiere que la enfermedad periodontal se asocia, independientemente, con la enfermedad aterosclerosa vascular. A pesar de que esta fuerza de asociación es aún modesta, los hallazgos no pueden vincularse sólo con los efectos de variables confusoras. Existe evidencia para apoyar la factibilidad de la relación y, más aún, se han delineado algunas de las vías fisiopatológicas. Estos mecanismos incluyen inflamación sistémica, mimetismo molecular, bacteriemia e infección vascular por patógenos periodontales. La relación entre periodontitis y ateroesclerosis tiene gran relevancia, esto por la alta incidencia de ambas alteraciones, el alto costo para la sociedad y su potencial repercusión en la salud pública.


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