López-Diazguerrero NE, González PVY, Hernández-Bautista RJ, Alarcón-Aguilar A, Luna-López A, Königsberg FM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 105
Paginas: 438-447
Archivo PDF: 113.06 Kb.

RESUMEN

A lo largo de la evolución, los organismos vivos han tenido que adaptarse a condiciones y agentes adversos para lograr sobrevivir, por lo que han desarrollado diversos y complejos mecanismos para lidiar con ellos.
Actualmente, se han identificado una serie de procesos conservados durante los cuales una dosis baja o subletal de un agente o estímulo estresante es capaz de activar una respuesta adaptativa que incrementa la resistencia de una célula u organismo frente a un estrés más severo. A esta respuesta se le conoce como hormesis. Existen una gran cantidad de agentes horméticos entre los que se encuentran la radiación, el calor, los metales pesados, los antibióticos, el etanol, los agentes prooxidantes, el ejercicio y la restricción alimentaria. La respuesta hormética involucra la expresión de una gran cantidad de genes que codifican para proteínas citoprotectoras como las chaperonas del tipo de las que responden a estrés térmico, las enzimas antioxidantes, los factores de crecimiento, las metalotioneínas, entre otros. En esta revisión se explorará la respuesta hormética particularmente frente al estrés oxidante, en especial durante el envejecimiento y la senescencia celular, así como en algunos padecimientos como la diabetes y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

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