Aisa ÁA, Rosas CM, Reza OM, Díaz GE, Rodríguez WFL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 137-144
Archivo PDF: 136.07 Kb.

RESUMEN

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por una fragilidad ósea secundaria a la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea, la cual condiciona un aumento importante de riesgo de presentar fracturas. Es definida por la OMS como una disminución de la densidad mineral ósea de -2.5 con respecto a la desviación estándar. La osteoporosis es una enfermedad multidisciplinaria que abarca a la población de pacientes del internista, razón por la que debe sospecharse, abordarse y tratarse de forma oportuna. Los bisfosfonatos son fármacos que han demostrado un importante aumento en la densidad mineral ósea, con un alto impacto en la prevención de fracturas vertebrales y de cadera. Éstos son los fármacos más prescritos en la consulta de medicina interna y son considerados de primera línea para el tratamiento contra la osteoporosis. En la actualidad, los fármacos de mayor empleo como tratamiento son el alendronato, el risedronato, el ibandronato y el ácido zoledrónico. Se han reportado complicaciones poco frecuentes pero graves posteriores al uso de bisfosfonatos, tales como la osteonecrosis de la mandíbula, cáncer de esófago y fracturas femorales atípicas, por lo que en la actualidad existe gran controversia acerca de su empleo.

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