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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2011, Número 6

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2011; 12 (6)


DHA y funcionamiento cerebral: ¿Cuáles son los beneficios?

Leyva-Rendón A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 365-372
Archivo PDF: 136.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) es un ácido graso poli-insaturado de cadena larga que pertenece al grupo omega-3. Se obtiene de fuentes exógenas como aceites de pescado quienes lo procesan del consumo de algas, mientras que la fuente interna es por procesos de transformación a partir de otros ácidos grasos. Los órganos con mayor concentración son el cerebro y la retina y sus principales funciones son como componente de membrana y sustrato de energía. Los estudios en modelos animales han demostrado que el DHA suprime la fosforilación de la proteína tau y algunas acciones de la proteína β-amiloide en modelos de Alzheimer, mientras que su deficiencia produce un menor rendimiento en las pruebas cognoscitivas y conductuales. Por otro lado, los estudios en humanos muestran que existe un transporte activo desde la etapa prenatal y la capacidad de transformación a DHA a partir de otros ácidos grasos se mantiene a lo largo de toda la vida. Otros estudios le han atribuido funciones en la neurogénesis, neurotransmisión y neuroprotección contra el estrés oxidativo. La evidencia que apoya la suplementación en las distintas etapas del desarrollo ha sido controvertida, teniendo como objetivo primario la mejoría del desempeño intelectual durante la infancia y el mantenimiento o mejoría de la memoria en la etapa adulta, cuando existe deterioro leve, tópicos que se analizan en esta revisión narrativa.


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