medigraphic.com
Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2010, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Neuroci 2010; 11 (2)


Síndromes neurológicos paraneoplásicos (Parte I): Abordaje y características generales

Cacho DB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 112
Paginas: 150-159
Archivo PDF: 122.97 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los síndromes neurológicos paraneoplásicos (SxNP) son enfermedades infrecuentes, con manifestaciones neurológicas, que generalmente preceden al diagnóstico de cáncer. Tienen cuadros clínicos heterogéneos, pudiendo afectar al sistema nervioso central (SNC), periférico (SNP) y/o autonómico (SNA). Existen SxNP con presentaciones clásicas y no clásicas, se asocian en ocasiones con ciertos anticuerpos (anti-onconeuronales), y la búsqueda de una neoplasia subyacente debe ser imperativa. El diagnóstico se sospecha clínicamente, se ratifica con ciertos estudios de laboratorio o gabinete y se vuelve irrefutable con la presencia de neoplasia. La relevancia del conocimiento de los SxPN es amplia, siendo la más importante para el neurólogo, el diagnóstico oportuno del SxPN en cuestión y la búsqueda de neoplasia para mejorar el pronóstico del paciente al dar tratamiento adecuado.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Secretaría de Salud. Dirección General de Epidemiología. Compendio de Cáncer 2000. Mortalidad/Morbilidad. Registro Histopatológico de Neoplasias Malignas 2000.

  2. Dalmau J, Rosenfeld M. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes in Abeloff: Abeloff€s Clinical Oncology. 4th Ed. Chap. 51. 2008, p. 993-1006.

  3. Darnell RB, Posner JB. Paraneoplastic Syndromes Involving The Nervous System. N Engl J Med 2003; 16: 1543-54.

  4. Damek DM. Cerebral Edema Altered Mental Status, Seizures, Acute Stroke, Leptomeningeal Metastases and Paraneoplastic Syndrome Emerg Med Clin N Am 2009; 27: 209-29.

  5. Rees JH. Paraneoplastic Syndromes: When to suspect, how to confirm, and how to manage. J Neurol Neurosurg Pshychiatry 2004; 75(Suppl. II): ii43-ii50.

  6. Elrington GM, Murray NMF, Spiro SG, Newsom-Davis J. Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with small cell lung cancer: a prospective survey of 150 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 764-7.

  7. Minisini AM, Pauletto G, Bergonzi P, Fasola G. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 105: 133-8.

  8. Albert ML, Darnell R. Paraneoplastic Neurological Degenerations: Keys to Tumor Immunity. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 36-44.

  9. Albert ML, Austin LM, Darnell RB. Detection and Treatment of Activated T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 9-17.

  10. Dalmau J, Gultekin HS, Posner JB. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes: pathogenesis and physiopathology. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 275-84.

  11. Darnel RB. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 30-2.

  12. Darnell RB. Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: At the intersection of cancer, immunity, and the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 4529-36.

  13. Kaufman HL, Wolchok JD. Is Tumor Immunity the Same Thing As Autoimmunity? Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24(15): 2230-2.

  14. Pranzatelli MR. Paraneoplastic Syndromes: An Unsolved Murder. Semin Pediat Neurol 2000; 7(2): 118-30.

  15. Tan KM, Lennon VA, Klein CJ, et al. Clinical spectrum of voltage-gated potassium channel autoimmunity. Neurology 2008; 70:1883-90.

  16. Sutton I, Winer JB. The immunopathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Clin Sci 2002; 102: 475-86.

  17. Graus F, Delaterre JY, Antoine JC, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 1135-40.

  18. Nath U, Grant R. Neurological Paraneoplastic Syndromes. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 975-80.

  19. Sutton I. Paraneoplastic Neurological syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol 2002; 15: 685-90.

  20. Voltz R. Paraneoplastic Neurological syndromes: an update on diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. Lancet Neurol 2002; 1: 294-305.

  21. Plotkin SR, Wen PY. Neurologic Complications of cancer therapy. Neurol Clin N Am 2003; 21: 279-318.

  22. Dalmau J, Rosenfeld M. Paraneoplastic syndromes of The CNS. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 327-40.

  23. Rudnicki SA, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic syndromes of the spinal cord, nerve and muscle. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23: 1800-18.

  24. Stübgen P. Neuromuscular disorders in systemic malignancy and it€s treatment. Muscle Nerve 1995; 18: 636-48.

  25. Tormoehlen LM, Pascuzzi RM. Thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and other paraneoplastic syndromes. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 22: 509-26.

  26. Vernino S. Paraneoplastic disorders affecting the neuromuscular junction or anterior horn cell. Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurol 2009; 15(1): 132-46.

  27. Dalmau J, Graus F, Rosenblum MK, Posner JB. Anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. Medicine 1992; 71(2): 59-72.

  28. Bataller L, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system: update on diagnostic criteria and treatment. Semin Neurol 2004; 24(4): 461-71.

  29. Graus F, Keime-Guilbert F, Reñe R, et al. Anti-Hu- associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 2001; 124: 1138-48.

  30. Honnorat J, Cartalat-Carel S. Advances in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Curr Opin Oncol 2004; 16: 614-20.

  31. Alamowitch, Graus F., Uchuya M., Reñé R. et al Limbic Encephalitis and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Brain 1997; 120: 923-8.

  32. Dalmau J, Bataller L. Clinical and Immunological Diversity of Limbic Encephalitis: A Model for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am 2006; 20: 1319-35.

  33. Farrugia ME, Conway R, Simpson DJ, Kurian KM. Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2005; 107: 128-31.

  34. Honnorat J. Autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 24-5.

  35. Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R, et al. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain 2000; 123: 1481-94.

  36. Lawn ND, Westmoreland BF, Kiely MJ, et al. Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Electroencephalographic Findings in Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 1363-8.

  37. Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic limbic enfephalitis associated with small-cell lung cancer. Community Oncology 2007; 4(8): 491-4.

  38. Samarasekera SR, Vincent A, Welch JL, et al. Course and outcome of acute limbic encephalitis with negative voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 391-4.

  39. Buckley C, Oger J, Clover L, et al. Potassium Channel Antibodies in Two Patients with Reversible Limbic Encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 73-8.

  40. Vincent A, Buckley C, Schott JM, et al. Potassium channel antibodyassociated encephalopathy: a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of limbic encephalitis. Brain 2004; 127(3): 701-12.

  41. Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 1091-8.

  42. Furneaux HM, Rosenblum MK, Dalmau J, et al. Selective Expression of Purkinje-Cell antigens in tumor tissue from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1844-51.

  43. Rojas I, Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, et al. Long-term Clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 2000; 55: 713-15.

  44. Shams€ili S, Grefkens J, Leeuw B, et al. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with antineuronal antibodies: analysis of 50 patients. Brain 2003; 126:1409-18.

  45. Anderson NE, Rosenblumm MK, Graus F, et al. Autoantibodies in paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small-cell lung cancer. Neurology 1988; 38:1391-8.

  46. Antoine JC, Absi L. PhD, Honnorat J.MD, et al. Antiamphiphysin Antibodies Are Associated With Various Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Tumors. Arch Neurol 1999; 56: 172-7.

  47. Antoine JC, Honnorat J, Camdessanché JP, et al. Paraneoplastic Anti- CV2 Antibodies react with peripheral nerve and are associated with a mixed axonal and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2001; 49(2): 214-21.

  48. Bataller L, Graus F, Saiz A, et al. Clinical outcome in adult onset idiopathic or paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus. Brain 2001; 124: 437-43.

  49. Dalmau J, Graus F, Villarejo A, et al. Clinical analysis of anti-Ma2- associated encephalitis. Brain 2004; 127:1831-44.

  50. Dalmau J, Furneaux HM, Gralla RJ, et al. Detection of the Anti- Hu Antibody in the serum of Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Quantitative Western Blot Analysis. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 544-52.

  51. De Camilli P, Thomas A, Cofiell R, Folli F, et al. The Synaptic Vesicleassociated protein amphiphysin is the 128-kD autoantigen of Stiff-Man syndrome with breast cancer. J Exp Med 1993; 178: 2219-23.

  52. Dropcho EJ. Remote neurologic manifestations of cancer. Neurologic Clinics 2002; 20(1): 85-122.

  53. Espay AJ, Chen R. Rigidity and spasms from autoimmune encephalomyelopathies: Stiff-person syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34: 677-90

  54. Heinemann S, Zabel P, Hauber HP. Paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. Cancer Therapy 2008; 6: 687-98.

  55. Kleopa KA, Teener JW, Cherer SS, et al. Chronic multiple paraneoplastic syndromes. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23: 1767-72.

  56. Kim H, Lim Y, Kim K. Anti-Ri-Associated paraneoplastic syndrome in a man with breast cancer showing a reversible pontine lesion on MRI. J Clin Neurol 2009; 5: 151-2.

  57. Mitchell WG, Davalos-González Y, Brumm VL, et al. Opsoclonus-Ataxia caused by childhood neuroblastoma. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 86-98

  58. Wildhaber B, Niggli F, Bergsträsser, et al. Paraneoplastic syndromes in ganglioneuroblastoma. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162: 511-13.

  59. Graus F, Lang B, Pozo-Rosich P, et al. P/Q Type calcium-channel antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with lung cancer. Neurology 2002; 59: 764-6.

  60. Leonovicz BM, Gordon EA, Wass T. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1557-9.

  61. Mason WP, Graus F, Lang B, et al. Small Cell lung cancer, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Brain 1997; 120: 1279-300.

  62. Antoine JC, Mosnier JF, Absi L, et al. Carcinoma associated paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies in patients with and without anti-onconeural antibodies J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1999; 67: 7-14.

  63. Antoine JC, Camdessanché JP. Peripheral nervous system involvement in patients with cancer. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 75-86.

  64. Graus F, Bonaventura I, Uchuya M, et al. Indolent anti-HU- associated paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy. Neurology 1994; 44: 2258-61.

  65. Kuntzer T, Antoine JC, Steck AJ. Clinical features and pathophysiological basis of sensory neuronopathies. Muscle Nerve 2004; 30: 255-68.

  66. Graus F, Cordon-Cardo C, Posner JB. Neuronal antinuclear antibody in sensory neuronopathy from lung cancer. Neurology 1985; 35: 538-43.

  67. Oh SJ, Gürtekin Y, Dropcho EJ. et al. Anti-Hu antibody neuropathy: a clinical, electrophysiological and pathological study. Clin Neurophys 2005; 116: 28-34.

  68. Oh SJ, Slaughter R, Harrell L. Paraneoplastic vasculitic neuropathy: a treatable neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 1991; 14: 152-6.

  69. O€ Neill, Murray NMF, Newsom-Davis J. The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: A Review of 50 cases. Brain 1988; 111: 577-96.

  70. Wirtz PW, Smallegange TM, Wintzen AR, Verschuuren JJ. Differences in clinical features between the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with and without cancer: an analysis of 227 published cases Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2002; 104: 359-63.

  71. Chaudhry V, Watson DF, Bird SJ, Cornblath DR. Stimulated single-fiber electromyography in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1991; 14: 1227-30.

  72. Wirtz PW, Sotodeh M, Nijnuis M, et al. Difference in distribution of muscle weakness between myasthenia gravis and the Lambert- Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73: 766-8.

  73. Newsom-Davis J. Therapy in myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Semin Neurol 2003; 23(2): 191-8.

  74. Karim AR, Hughes RG, Winer JB, et al. Paraneoplastic neurological antibodies a laboratory experience. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005; 1050: 274-85.

  75. Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic autoantibodies: the case of a descriptive generic nomenclature. Neurology 1994; 44: 2236-40.

  76. Vincent A. Antibodies associated with paraneoplastic neurological disorders. Neurol Sci 2005; 26: S3-S4.

  77. Voltz R. Can Antibodies in Serum Predict the Presence of Microscopic Tumors? Neurology 2007; 68: 887-8.

  78. Pittock SJ, Kryzer TJ, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic antibodies coexist and predict cancer, not neurological syndrome. Annals of Neurology 2004; 56(5): 715-19.

  79. Willison HJ, Ang W, Gilhus NE, et al. EFNS Task Force Report: a questionnaire-based survey on the service provision and quality assurance for determination of diagnostic autoantibody tests in European neuroimmunology centers. Eur J Neurology 2000; 7: 625-8.

  80. Moll JWB, Antoine JC, Brashear HR, et al. Guidelines on the detection of paraneoplastic anti-neural-specific antibodies. Neurology 1995; 45:1937-41.

  81. Bataller L, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes: approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Semin Neurol 2003; 23(2): 215-24.

  82. Lang B, Dale RC, Vincent A. New autoantibody mediated disorders of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol 2003; 16: 351-7.

  83. Sabater L, Titulaer M, Saiz A, et al. SOX1 antibodies are markers of paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2008; 70: 924-8.

  84. Bataller L, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. Neurol Clin N Am 2003; 21: 221-47.

  85. Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC, Honnorat J, et al. Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy associated with anti-Hu antibodies. Brain 2002; 125: 166-75.

  86. Dalmau J, Posner JB. Neurologic paraneoplastic antibodies (anti-Yo; anti-HU; anti-Ri) Neurology 1994; 44: 2241-46.

  87. Floyd S, Butler MH, Cremona O, et al. Expression of amphiphysin I, an autoantigen of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in breast cancer. Molecular Medicine 1998; 4:29-39

  88. Luque FA, Furneaux HM, Ferziger R, et al. Anti-Ri: an antibody associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus and breast cancer. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 241-51.

  89. Lucchinetti CF, Kimmel DW, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic and oncologic profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies. Neurology 1998; 50: 652-7.

  90. Pittock SJ, Lycchinetti CF, Parrisi JE, et al. Amphiphysin Autoimmunity: Paraneoplastic Accompaniments. Ann Neurol 2005; 58: 96-107.

  91. Senties-Madrid H, Vega-Boada F. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with Anti-HU antibodies. IMAJ 2001; 3: 94-103.

  92. Samonelli M, Banna GL, Santoro A. Thymoma associated with myasthenia and autonomic anti-Hu paraneoplastic neuropathy. Tumori 2009; 95: 243-7.

  93. Thirkill CE, Tait RC, Tyler NK, et al. The cancer-associated retinopathy antigen is a recoverin-like protein. Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33: 2768-72.

  94. Vickers SM, Niederhuber E. Hodgkin€s disease associated with neurologic paraneoplastic syndrome. Southern Med J 1997; 90(8): 839-44.

  95. Virani S, Tan M, Abraham J. Transverse myelitis: amphiphysin autoimmunity paraneoplastic syndrome in a woman with breast cancer. Clin Advan Hematol Oncol 2009; 7(3): 180-82.

  96. Waragai M, Chiba A, Uchibori A, et al. Anti-Ma2 associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome presenting as encephalitis and progressive muscular atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 111-13.

  97. Yu Z, Kryzer TJ, Griesmann GE, et al. CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2001; 49:146-54.

  98. Voltz R, Carpentier AF, Rosenfeld MR, et al. P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies in paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system. Muscle & Nerve 1999; 22: 119-22.

  99. Hart IK, Madison P, Newsom-Davis J, et al. Phenotypic variants of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Brain 2002; 125: 1887-95.

  100. Hayat GR, Kulkantrakorn K, Campbell WW, Guiliani MJ. Neuromyotonia: autoimmune pathogenesis and response to immune modulating therapy. J Neurol Sci 2000; 181: 38-43.

  101. Liguori R, Vincent A, Clover L, et al. Morvan´s syndrome: peripheral and central nervous system and cardiac involvement with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels. Brain 2001; 124: 2417-26.

  102. Newsom-Davis J, Mills KR. Immunological associations of acquired neuromyotonia (Isaac€s syndrome): report of five cases and literature review. Brain 1993; 116: 453-69.

  103. Shillito P, Molenaar PC, Vincent A, et al. Acquired neuromyotonia: evidence for autoantibodies directed against K+ channels of peripheral nerves. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 714-22.

  104. Spinazzi M, Argentiero V, Zuliani L, et al. Immunotherapy-revered compulsive monoaminergic, circadian rhythm disorder in Morvan syndrome. Neurology 2008; 71: 2008-10.

  105. Rosenfeld MR, Eichen JG, Wade DF, et al. Molecular and clinical diversity in paraneoplastic immunity to Ma proteins. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 339-48.

  106. Antoine JC, Cinotti L, Tilikete C, et al [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of cancer in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome and Anti-HU Antibodies. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 105-8.

  107. Hadjivassiliou M, Alder SJ, Van Beek EJR, et al. PET scan in clinically suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a 6 year prospective study in a regional neuroscience unit. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 119: 186-93.

  108. Linke R, Schroeder M, Helmberg T, et al. Antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. Neurology 2004; 63: 282-6.

  109. McKeon A, Apiwattanakul M, Lanchance DH, et al. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. Arch Neurol 2010; 67(3): 322-9.

  110. Patel RR, Subramaniam RM, Mandrekar JN, et al. Occult malignancy in patients with suspected paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes: value of positron emission tomography in diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83(8): 917-22.

  111. Rees JH, Hain SF, Johnson MR, et al. The role of [18F] fluoro-2 deoxyglucose-PET scanning in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological disorders.

  112. Younes-Mhenni S, Janier MF, Cinotti L, et al. FDG-PET improves tumor detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Brain 2004; 127: 2331-8.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com