Río VV, Saldaña BA, Martínez PA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 210-220
Archivo PDF: 60.70 Kb.

RESUMEN

Muchos factores relacionados con el medio laboral, los hábitos higiénicos alimentarios y estilos de vida influyen sobre la duración del sueño y traen aparejado un desequilibrio en la homeostasis del organismo, con la aparición de factores de riesgo que incrementan la morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de actualizar y sintetizar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos cardiovasculares en sujetos con privación de sueño parcial y total. Para ello se consultaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Ebsco, Medline e Hinari, seleccionando artículos sobre el tema, publicados fundamentalmente en los últimos 5 años. Se ha encontrado una asociación significativa entre la privación de sueño y las enfermedades cardiovasculares que se explican por diferentes mecanismos, que incluyen: desequilibrio autonómico con predominio de la actividad simpática, incremento de catecolaminas circulantes, disminución de la sensibilidad del baroreflejo, los bajos niveles de magnesio intracelular, la inhibición de la secreción de melatonina y la acción de diversos precursores de la inflamación. Se concluye que estos mecanismos producen aumento del tono vascular, hipertensión arterial, entre otras variaciones que incrementan los factores de riesgo y la morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovasculares.

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