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2013, Número 3

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Salud Mental 2013; 36 (3)


La melatonina como un factor promotor de la diferenciación neuronal: implicaciones en el tratamiento de las demencias

Benítez-King G, Valdés-Tovar M, Maya-Ampudia V, Jiménez-Rubio G, Domínguez-Alonso A, Riquelme A, Galván-Arrieta T, Solís-Chagoyán H, Alarcón S, Moreno J, Ugalde Ó, Berlanga C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 102
Paginas: 193-199
Archivo PDF: 271.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las demencias son enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas, progresivas, neurodegenerativas y con una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Ocupan uno de los primeros lugares como enfermedades que causan incapacidad en los adultos mayores. En estos pacientes el Sistema Nervioso Central presenta alteraciones anatómico-estructurales a nivel celular y subcelular que se asocian con deficiencias cognitivas. En particular, en la enfermedad de Alzheimer se han caracterizado marcadores histopatológicos como las placas amiloides y las marañas neurofibrilares. Se sabe que el estrés oxidativo y la neuroinflamación participan en la etiología y el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Recientemente se caracterizó a los precursores neuronales del neuroepitelio olfatorio humano como un modelo experimental adecuado para identificar biomarcadores de rasgo y para estudiar la fisiopatología de diversas enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas, así como el proceso del neurodesarrollo, a nivel celular, molecular y farmacológico. En este trabajo se presenta la evidencia que sustenta que la melatonina puede ser útil en el tratamiento de las demencias, por su capacidad antioxidante, por su efecto anti-inflamatorio, así como por el efecto inhibidor de la hiperfosforilación de la proteina tau y de la formación de placas amiloides. Además, al estimular la formación de nuevas neuronas, la neuritogénesis en sus etapas tempranas y la formación de dendritas, la melatonina podría contribuir a contrarrestar la pérdida de las funciones cognitivas que se observa en estos padecimientos.


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