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Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

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2013, Número 2

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Neumol Cir Torax 2013; 72 (2)


MicroRNAs como herramienta potencial para el diagnóstico del mesotelioma pleural maligno

Gayosso-Gómez LV, Salinas-Silva LC, Zárraga-Granados G, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Ortiz-Quintero B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 175-181
Archivo PDF: 228.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

El mesotelioma pleural maligno es un tumor extremadamente agresivo, difícil de diagnosticar, que se origina en el mesotelio de la membrana pleural y que comúnmente se asocia a la exposición al asbesto. Los síntomas se manifiestan después de 20-40 años de la exposición al carcinógeno, pero posterior al diagnóstico presenta una sobrevivencia de 9-12 meses. La prueba diagnóstica confirmatoria del mesotelioma pleural maligno o «estándar de oro» es la tinción por inmunohistoquímica para marcadores tisulares; pero al no existir un marcador 100% certero del diagnóstico, éste suele ser difícil y complejo. Aunado a lo anterior, el mesotelioma pleural maligno es difícil de distinguir de carcinomas de origen epitelial que invaden la pleura, tal como el adenocarcinoma pulmonar. Los miRNAs son RNAs de doble hebra que regulan los mecanismos celulares esenciales a nivel postranscripcional, son tejido-específico y su expresión no depende de la edad o raza del individuo. Estudios recientes han demostrado que la expresión de los miRNAs es aberrante en diversos tumores y que podría utilizarse como biomarcador de diagnóstico, revelando una herramienta diagnóstica alternativa. La presente revisión se enfoca en los estudios de los miRNAs tisulares como posibles biomarcadores de diagnóstico del mesotelioma pleural maligno, así como en las características biológicas de los miRNAs.


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