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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2011, Número 5

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Rev Invest Clin 2011; 63 (5)


Las adolescentes aumentan más peso y grasa gestacional que las adultas, según IMC pregestacional

Sámano R, Casanueva E, Vergara A, Pizano-Zárate ML, Jiménez D, Godínez E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 500-508
Archivo PDF: 160.07 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. La ganancia de peso gestacional excesiva predispone al sobrepeso y obesidad posparto, problema de salud pública mundial. Objetivo. Analizar el patrón de peso y grasa corporal gestacional de adolescentes y adultas, para identificar al grupo con mayor ganancia de peso y grasa corporal. Material y métodos. Cohorte de 64 adolescentes ≤ 18 años y 48 adultas evaluadas en peso y porcentaje de grasa corporal en las semanas de gestación (sdg) 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 y 38. Con carta-consentimiento informado. Resultados. En adolescentes el peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC) pregestacional fueron menores (p ‹ 0.001) y su ganancia de grasa gestacional fue mayor que en las adultas (5.31 vs. 4.12 kg; p ‹ 0.001). El IMC pregestacional (β = 0.459, EE = 0.089, p = 0.001) y la edad (β = -1.400, EE = 0.735, p = 0.060) condicionaron la variabilidad del porcentaje de grasa. Las adolescentes con bajo peso y con IMC ≥ al percentil 85th mostraron una mayor ganancia de peso con respecto a las que se clasificaron en peso normal (18.0 y 15.5 vs. 12.0 kg; p = 0.018). El 54.7% de adolescentes y 64.6% de adultas presentaron ganancia de peso mayor a la recomendada según IMC pregestacional. Conclusiones. El IMC pregestacional y la edad condicionaron el cambio de grasa corporal. Más de la mitad de las participantes rebasó la ganancia de peso recomendada. Las adolescentes con sobrepeso o ganancia de peso excesiva podrían presentar mayor riesgo de retener peso posparto que adultas en la misma situación.


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