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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2012, Número 6

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Rev Invest Clin 2012; 64 (6)


Frecuencia del gen qacEΔ1 y resistencia a biocidas en aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido

Pastrana-Carrasco J, Garza-Ramos JU, Barrios H, Morfin-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Barajas JM, Suárez S, Díaz R, Miranda G, Solórzano F, Contreras J, Silva-Sánchez J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 535-540
Archivo PDF: 177.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia del gen qacEΔ1 y caracterizar la resistencia a biocidas en aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias productores de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (EP-BLEE) causantes de infecciones nosocomiales. Material y métodos. Se incluyó un total de 59 EP-BLEE correspondiendo a Klebsiella pneumoniae (35) y Enterobacter cloacae (24). Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) para clorhexidina (CHX) y cloruro de benzalconio (CLBZ). Se detectaron los genes tipo-SHV, TLA-1 y qacEΔ1 por PCR y secuenciación nucleotídica, se identificó el patrón plasmídico y se realizó la conjugación bacteriana. Resultados. Todos los aislamientos de EP-BLEE fueron resistentes a CHX y 80% para CLBZ. El 68% de los aislamientos resistentes a biocidas presentaron el gen qacEΔ1, los cuales se sometieron a conjugación. De las transconjugantes resultantes 66% fueron resistentes a CHX y se detectó en ellas el gen qacEΔ1 en 55%. Conclusiones. El gen qacEΔ1 de resistencia a antisépticos está ampliamente diseminado en las EP-BLEE y puede ser transferido de manera horizontal. Por esa razón es ampliamente recomendable utilizar combinaciones de antisépticos, como se describe en la literatura, que permita en cierta medida contrarrestar la selección de bacterias multirresistentes en los hospitales y al mismo tiempo disminuir los índices de infecciones nosocomiales.


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