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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2011, Número 3

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Rev Invest Clin 2011; 63 (3)


El estrés intrauterino afecta el aprendizaje espacial de la progenie de ratas Wistar

Gonzalez-Perez O, Gutiérrez-Smith Y, Guzmán-Muñiz J, Moy-López NA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 279-286
Archivo PDF: 138.88 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. El estrés prenatal comprende un conjunto de respuestas psicofisiológicas que presenta la gestante ante una situación amenazante. Esto genera cambios neuroquímicos que parecen repercutir en el desarrollo hipocampal de su progenie. Objetivo. Analizar los efectos del estrés intrauterino sobre el aprendizaje y memoria espacial en crías de ratas Wistar. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron ratas Wistar preñadas divididas en dos grupos: Control y estrés prenatal. Durante el periodo crítico para el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central de los roedores (día 12 al 18 de gestación), las ratas del grupo experimental fueron sometidas a estrés prenatal con un modelo de restricción de movimiento. Las ratas control se mantuvieron bajo condiciones estándares de bioterio. A los 21 días posparto, se evaluó en las crías el aprendizaje y memoria espacial mediante el laberinto acuático de Morris. Resultados. Los animales sometidos a estrés intrauterino presentaron menor ganancia ponderal (62.7 ± 11.7 g) que los pertenecientes al grupo control (71.3 ± 7.4 g; t(42) = 2.87; P = 0.006). La evaluación de aprendizaje espacial mostró que el grupo experimental presentó mayor latencia de escape (63 ± 14 seg) en comparación con el grupo control (49 ± 13 seg; t(42) = 3.2, P = 0.003). El patrón de nado de las ratas con estrés prenatal mostró una estrategia alocéntrica de búsqueda de la plataforma respecto al grupo control, en los cuales predominó la estrategia egocéntrica. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la consolidación de memoria. Conclusiones. El estrés intrauterino afecta la función hipocampal durante el desarrollo postnatal. Conocer los efectos nocivos del estrés durante la gestación puede servir para establecer estrategias de prevención primaria en mujeres gestantes.


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