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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2008, Número 5

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Rev Invest Clin 2008; 60 (5)


Aspectos moleculares de la fecundación: unión y fusión de gametos

Cánovas S, Coy P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 79
Paginas: 403-413
Archivo PDF: 126.56 Kb.


RESUMEN

La fecundación es un complejo y fascinante proceso biológico. Las interacciones entre gametos transforman dos células diferenciadas en un cigoto totipotente. Diferentes proteínas de la superficie celular de ambos gametos han sido identificadas por su participación en la unión y fusión de gametos. La interacción se inicia con la adhesión del espermatozoide a la zona pelúcida. Esta unión presenta restricciones según las especies y es mediada por la proteína SED1 y/o la unión de la galactosiltransferasa (GalT-I) a las cadenas de glúcidos de la zona pelúcida (ZP3), desencadenando la reacción acrosómica. Entre las moléculas que participan en la unión y fusión de gametos se incluyen las desintegrinas del espermatozoide (ADAM1 y ADAM2), las cuales interactúan con las integrinas (α6/β-1, CD9 o proteínas ancladas a GPI) del oolema, mientras que en la fusión participan las proteínas secretoras ricas en cisteína (CRISP) y las proteínas Izumo. El conocimiento de las moléculas y los mecanismos implicados en estos procesos nos permitirá un mejor entendimiento de las interacciones espermatozoide-ovocito, y el desarrollo de nuevos métodos, tanto para la regulación de la fertilidad, como para el diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico de los problemas de infertilidad en mamíferos, incluida la especie humana.


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