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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2010, Número 6

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Rev Invest Clin 2010; 62 (6)


Sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario sobre el comportamiento de niños para la detección de problemas psicosociales en una muestra mexicana

Leiner MA, Puertas H, Caratachea R, Pérez H, Jiménez P

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 560-567
Archivo PDF: 81.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se han desarrollado cuestionarios en los que el padre o guardián al responder permite detectar problemas psicosociales y de comportamiento en niños/adolescentes. A pesar de la ventaja que representan estos cuestionarios, su eficacia es limitada en aquellas poblaciones en donde los niveles de alfabetismo funcional son bajos y que son precisamente las que tienen mayor necesidad de detección y tratamiento de este tipo de problemas. Este estudio compara la sensibilidad y especificidad de una adaptación del cuestionario sobre Adaptación Social y Emocional en los Niños –que contiene pictogramas, además de texto en las preguntas– con el Cuestionario Sobre el Comportamiento de Niños(as) (CBCL). Analizamos retrospectivamente 240 cuestionarios que fueron completados por los padres de niños/adolescentes durante la consulta a un centro comunitario en ciudad Juárez, México entre mayo y diciembre del 2007. Los participantes son beneficiarios del Seguro Popular, el cual se le da a mexicanos que se encuentran en los niveles socioeconómicos más bajos. Más de 95% de los participantes indicaron tener un nivel educativo inferior a la preparatoria. El cuestionario usando pictogramas resultó ser una herramienta útil para detectar problemas psicosociales en esta muestra de la misma forma que lo hizo en Estados Unidos con una población similar, presentando una mejor sensibilidad y especificidad al compararla con la versión escrita. La sensibilidad y especificidad óptima se logró al reducir el punto de corte de 28 a 22. Los cuestionarios que incluyen pictogramas pueden ser útiles para mejorar la detección de problemas de salud en comunidades con niveles escolares reducidos.


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